UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT  LOS  ANGELES 


SPECIAL  REPORT 


CAPTAIN  GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 


NINTH    TJ.    S.    INFANTRY, 


IN  CHARGE  OF 


FORESTRY  BUREAU,  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS, 


CoYIOItlNG    Til  10    IMOUIOI) 


FROM  APRIL,  1900,  TO  JULY  30,  1901. 


DIVISION  OF  INSULAR   AFFAIRS, 

YVAK 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE. 

L901. 


SPECIAL  REPORT 


CAPTAIN  GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 

NINTH    U.    S.    INFANTRY , 


IN   CHARGE   OP 


FORESTRY  BUREAU,  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS, 


COVERING   THE   PERIOD 


FROM  APRIL,  190O,  TO  JULY  30,  1901. 


DIVISION  OF  INSULAR  AFFAIRS, 
WAR  DEPARTMENT. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 
1901. 


3732 


COSTTEOTS. 


Personnel 5 

Regulations > 11 

Licenses 12 

Procedure  and  forms  prescribed  by  regulations  and  forms  used  in  bureau 15 

Statement  (by  name)  of  licenses  granted  by  forestry  bureau: 

Timber 24 

Firewood 31 

Dyewood 33 

Rubber,  etc 34 

Gratuitous 34 

Forestry  regulations  (General  Order  No.  92) 35 

F(  wests  of  the  Philippine  Islands 47 

Timber  used  in  the  Philippines  from  July  1,  1900,  to  April  30,  1901 49 

Private  woodlands 50 

Prices  of  native  timber 51 

Can  the  forests  of  the  Philippines  be  devastated? 52 

Recommendations 54 

Statement  of  utilization  of  forest  products 55 

Statistics  of  sums  collected  on  forest  products 55 

Native  woods  brought  to  market  in  the  Philippine  Islands 56 

Statement  ( by  provinces )  of  licenses  issued  by  forestry  bureau 58 

Private  woodlands  registered  in  the  Philippine  Islands 59 

Geography  and  population  in  the  Philippine  Islands 59 

Illustrations Facing  60 

3 


160275 


SPECIAL  REPORT 

OF 

FORESTRY  BUREAU,  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 


By  Capt.  GEORGE  P.  AHERN,  Ninth  United  States  Infantry, 
In  charge  of  Bureau. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  July  30,  1901. 

SIR:  Pursuant  to  instructions  from  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  forestry  bureau,  Philippine  Islands,  from  its  organization 
in  April,  1900,  to  the  present  date: 

The  undersigned,  at  present  on  leave  of  absence,  has  been  author- 
ized by  the  Philippine  Commission  while  in  the  United  States  to  visit 
the  forestry  schools  at  Cornell,  Yale,  and  Biltmore  for  the  purpose  of 
conferring  with  professors  and  students  with  the  object  of  securing 
graduates  of  these  schools  for  the  Philippine  forestry  service,  and 
was  also  authorized  to  have  exhibited  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  later  at 
the  Agricultural  Department  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  a  collection  of 
Philippine  woods. 

The  forestry  bureau  was  organized  by  the  undersigned  pursuant  to 
General  Orders,  No.  50,  Office  United  States  Military  Governor  in  the 
Philippines,  Manila,  P.  I.,  April  14,  1900.  A  report  detailing  opera- 
tions of  this  bureau  up  to  and  including  June  30,  1900,  and  one  dated 
May  of  this  year  have  been  submitted  to  the  governor  of  the  Philip- 
pine Islands. 

PERSONNEL. 

The  Spanish  Government  had  inaugurated  the  forestry  service  in 
1863,  some  three  hundred  and  forty  years  after  their  occupation  of  the 
islands.     The  forestry  officials  were  selected  from  the  forestry  service 
of  Spain,  where  a  similar  service  had  been  started  and  a  forestry 
school  organized.     The  subordinate  places  in  the  service  in  the  Philip- 
pines were  partly  filled  by  Filipinos,  and  at  no  time,  up  to  the  Ameri- 
can occupation  in  1898,  had  a  Filipino  risen  to  any  of  the  higher 
E laces  in  the  service.     This  was  due  principally  to  the  fact  that  none 
ad  taken  the  necessary  course  in  the  forestry  school  of  Spain. 
After  the  undersigned  took  charge  of  this  service,  notices  were  sent 
to  the  former  forestry  officials  to  make  application  for  service  in  the 
bureau  if  they  so  desired,  such  men,  acquainted  with  the  country, 
forest  botany,  people,  language,  and  former  regulations  being  consid- 

5 


0  EEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

ered  more  useful  in  inaugurating  this  work  than  any  official  obtained 
from  other  countries.  A  number  of  these  officials  presented  them- 
selves, with  their  credentials,  which  consisted  usually  of  diplomas  from 
the  Agricultural  College  of  Manila,  and  a  detailed  history  of  their 
former  service.  None  but  natives  presented  themselves,  the  Spanish 
foresters  having  returned  to  Spain,  thus  leaving  the  islands  without  a 
single  highly  trained  forester.  The  post-office  addresses  of  14  native 
foresters  and  30  rangers  were  taken  for  future  reference,  and  these 
men  were  called  upon  as  the  service  required.  Authority  was  received 
to  emplo}7  4  foresters,  2  rangers,  a  stenographer,  and  a  translator; 
the  foresters  at  $100  and  rangers  at  $50  Mexican  per  month. 

Under  Spanish  administration  a  force  of  66  expert  foresters  and  64 
rangers,  with  40  other  subordinates  as  clerks,  draftsmen,  etc.,  formed 
the  personnel  of  the  forestry  service. 

The  headquarters  for  the  service  was  established  in  the  old  Inten- 
dencia  building,  in  Manila,  where  the  archives  of  the  former  forestry 
service  were  gathered  together.  For  the  first  few  weeks  the  small 
force  employed  was  engaged  in  arranging  these  archives  for  future 
reference.  The  translator  was  emplo3Ted  in  the  translation  of  the 
former  Spanish  forestry  regulations  and  public-land  law  in  force  at 
the  time  of  the  American  occupation.  A  careful  investigation  of  these 
archives  failed  to  discover  any  plans  of  exploitation,  statistics  of  stand- 
ing timber,  or  forest  surveys.  These  records  consisted  principally  of 
applications  for  licenses,  memoranda  of  revenues,  private  woodland 
registrations,  and  the  ordinary  official  correspondence  of  the  bureau. 
Upon  inquiry  of  the  former  forestry  officials  it  was  learned  that  no 
plans  of  exploitation  and  no  statistics  of  standing  timber  had  been 
made.  The  forest  zones  had  not  been  surveyed  and  reserved,  as  the 
.  last  Spanish  land  law  of  1893  had  contemplated. 

In  the  course  of  a  few  months,  authority  was  given  to  increase  the 
force  employed.  As  competent  men  presented  themselves,  and  as  con- 
ditions permitted,  stations  were  established  in  the  provinces.  A  for- 
estry service  had  been  partially  organized  by  the  insurgents,  and  this 
fact  made  it  more  difficult  to  obtain  a  sufficient  force  of  competent 
men.  On  October  12  an  act  of  the  United  States  Philippine  Civil 
Commission  prescribed  the  following  personnel:  One  officer  in  charge; 

1  inspector,  at  $150  gold  per  month;  1  chief  clerk,  at  $100  gold  per 
month;  1  botanist,  at  $100  gold  per  month;  1  translator,  at  $100  gold 
per  month;  1  law  clerk,  at  $75  gold  per  month;  1  record  clerk,  at  $75 
gold  per  month;    10  assistant  foresters,  at  $50  gold  per  month;   30 
rangers,  at  $25  gold  per  month.     Later  in  the  year  authority  was 
received  to  employ  2  foresters  from  the  United  States,  at  a  salary  of 
$200  gold  per  month.     A  further  addition  to  the  force  is  contemplated 
which  will  add  4  foresters,  at  $200  per  month;  4  inspectors,  at  $150  per 
month;  20  rangers,  at  $25,  and  2  clerks,  at  $50  per  month. 

Owing  to  the  disturbed  conditions  in  the  provinces,  a  disposition 
was  shown  by  the  native  officials  to  avoid  service  beyond  Manila. 

These  men  stated  that  they  would  be  in  considerable  danger  of  vio- 
lence from  insurgents,  as  their  work  very  often  took  them  from  the 
vicinity  of  United  States  troops.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  two  rangers 
disappeared,  one  of  whom  reappeared  after  a  month's  time  and  claimed 
that  he  had  been  captured  by  the  insurgents  and  had  bought  his  free- 
dom. The  other  disappeared  in  February  of  this  year  and  has  not 
been  heard  of  since.  At  times  the  native  officials  would  receive  threat- 


EEPOKT    OF   FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.  7 

ening  notices,  and  as  quite  a  number  of  natives  friendly  to  Americans 
had  been  captured  and  murdered  by  the  insurgents,  these  officials  in 
the  forestry  service  felt  considerable  alarm  and  could  hardly  be  in- 
duced to  inspect  the  rafts  in  the  suburbs  of  Manila  unless  accompanied 
by  one  of  the  American  officials  of  the  bureau. 

All  applicants  for  admission  to  the  service  were  required  to  show 
record  of  former  service  and  good  character. 

Before  being  sent  into  the  provinces,  officials  were  given  at  least 
one  month's  training  in  Manila.  Many  of  these  men  were  found  to  be 
competent  and  anxious  to  render  good  service;  some  were  found  in- 
competent, untrustworthy,  and  negligent  of  their  duties.  During  the 
year  two  assistant  foresters  and  twelve  rangers  were  discharged  for 
cause,  one  translator  resigned,  and  one  ranger  transferred  to  another 
branch  of  the  civil  service.  As  the  service  expanded,  considerable 
difficulty  was  experienced  in  finding  competent  men.  More  than  50 
per  cent  of  the  officials  of  this  service  are  at  stations  distant  from 
Manila,  and  usually  manage  their  offices  and  field  work  without  assist- 
ants. 

All  timber  cut  on  public  land  is  cut  by  license.  Each  shipment  of 
forest  products  must  be  classified,  measured,  manifested,  and  orders  of 
payment  issued,  all  of  which  requires  considerable  training,  inasmuch 
as  \60  varieties  of  native  tree  species  are  received  in  the  market,  not 
to  mention  many  varieties  of  dyewoods,  gums,  resins,  etc.,  with  all  of 
which  the  official  must  be  thoroughly  acquainted  and  able  to  promptly 
classify  and  appraise;  this  in  addition  to  his  duties  in  charge  of  the 
forests  of  his  district,  running  his  office,  and  instructing  ignorant 
native  loggers  in  the  principal  requirements  of  the  forestry  regula- 
tions. 

The  demand  for  forest  products  during  the  past  two  years  has  been 
so  great  in  the  Philippine  Islands  that  men  with  the  information  just 
outlined  were  sought  for  by  lumber  companies  and  offered  higher 
salaries  than  were  given  in  the  forestry  service.  Occasionally  these 
flattering  offers  would  be  made  to  the  officials  in  the  service,  but  as  a 
rule  the  latter  preferred  to  remain  in  the  service  and  take  their  chances 
of  advancement  as  the  service  grew. 

No  forestry  officials  are  permitted  to  receive  any  money  (in  addition 
to  salary)  for  forest  products,  for  supervising  papers,  or  for  any  cler- 
ical or  other  work  rendered  in  the  course  of  their  duties.  When  pay- 
ment is  to  be  made  for  forest  products,  an  order  of  payment  is  issued 
by  the  forestry  official,  which  is  taken  by  the  owner  of  the  shipment 
to  the  nearest  internal-revenue  office,  and  when  the  receipt  for  the 
payment  is  shown  to  the  forestry  official  permission  is  given  in  writing 
to  move  the  forest  products.  This  written  permit  the  man  in  charge 
of  said  forest  products  must  carry  with  him  until  the  destination  of 
shipment  is  reached.  Each  log  is  stamped  with  the  bureau  mark  when 
first  inspected. 

A  circular  letter  was  sent  to  all  important  points  in  the  islands 
requesting  replies  as  to  the  extent  and  character  of  industries  in  the 
various  localities  in  the  line  of  forest  products.  Replies  were  received 
from  all  parts  of  the  islands,  which  replies  served  as  a  guide  in  estab- 
lishing stations  for  forestry  officials.  The  location  of  parties  operat- 
ing under  licenses  to  utilize  forest  products  also  served  as  a  guide  in 
establishing  these  stations. 

Forestry  officials  are  stationed  near  all  important  logging  centers 


8  REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

and  are  in  constant  touch  with  parties  handling  even  small  quantities. 
Each  official  in  the  provinces  keeps  a  diary  of  his  daily  operations,  a 
transcript  of  which  is  submitted  to  the  office  in  Manila  every  fifteen 
days.  In  addition  is  submitted  a  summary  of  forest  products  inspected 
by  him  during  this  period,  .the  amount  ordered  paid  into  the  internal- 
revenue  office,  and,  finally,  any  observations  he  may  consider  necessary 
for  the  information  of  the  central  office. 

Each  shipment  of  forest  products  is  inspected,  classified,  and 
appraised  by  him,  and  each  log  is  stamped  with  the  bureau  mark.  A 
copy  of  the  manifest  made  out  at  this  time  is  sent  to  Manila,  a  dupli- 
cate copy  being  given  to  the  man  in  charge  of  the  shipment.  Upon 
arrival  at  its  destination  the  forest  product  is  again  inspected  and 
measured  by  a  forestry  official,  and  can  not  be  disposed  of  until  every 
requirement  of  the  regulations  is  complied  with.  B}T  this  means  a 
constant  check  is  kept  on  all  forest  products  taken  from  public  and 
private  lands.  The  manifest  shows  the  name  of  licensee,  location  of 
cutting,  the  dimensions  and  value  of  each  log  cut,  the  name  of  the  tree 
species,  and  a  record  of  payment.  This  manifest  appears  at  Manila 
shortly  after  the  tree  is  felled.  A  glance  at  the  manifest  shows  at 
once  if  the  regulations  are  being  followed.  The  restrictions  as  noted 
in  the  following  articles  act  as  a  guaranty  against  any  wholesale 
slaughter  of  timber,  provided  these  regulations  are  enforced.  At  first 
some  opposition  was  manifested  to  the  many  restrictions  thrown 
around  the  licensees,  but  this  opposition  disappeared  as  they  became 
better  acquainted  with  the  service  and  found  that  the  double  inspection 
of  their  shipments  and  the  official  papers  did  not  delay  the  movement 
of  their  cargoes  to  market,  as  in  the  former  administration. 

ART.  59.  1.  Licenses  to  gather  or  utilize  forest  products  in  the  state  forests  shall  be 
granted  by  this  office. 

2.  Applications  for  said  licenses  must  be  delivered  to  the  chief  forestry  official  of  the 
forest  district  or  section,  or  to  the  district  commander,  who  shall  forward  same  to 
this  office  with  the  necessary  indorsements  of  the  forestry  official  of  said  district. 
In  the  application  shall  be  stated  the  kinds  of  forest  products  desired,  and  the  place 
where  said  products  are  to  be  gathered. 

3.  The  gathering  or  utilization  of  forest  products  can  be  done  only  in  the  forests  of 
the  province  specified  in  the  license.     If  the  concessioner  should  cut  or  gather  forest 
products  in  the  forests  of  any  other  province,  said  products  shall  be  considered  as 
unlawfully  cut. 

4.  No  charge  shall  be  made  for  licenses,  nor  for  the  authentication  or  making  out 
of  manifests. 

5.  Reserved  forests,  and  the  species  of  trees  the  cutting  of  which  is  forbidden,  will 
be  noted  in  licenses  for  the  information  of  the  concessioner.     The  felling  of  trees  of 
the  superior  and  first  groups,  excepting  ebony,  camuning  and  lanetes,  of  a  less  diam- 
eter than  40  centimeters  is  absolutely  prohibited. 

6.  The  felling  in  the  state  forests  of  trees  from  which  caoutchouc,  gutta-percha, 
and  gum  elastic  are  extracted  is  prohibited. 

7.  The  felling  in  the  state  forests  of  the  ylang-ylang  tree  is  prohibited. 

8.  The  utilization  of  forest  products  not  specifically  mentioned  in  these  regulations 
shall  be  by  license,  and  said  utilization  shall  be  governed  by  special  conditions, 
which  may  be  ascertained  upon  presentation  of  application  for  a  license  to  utilize 
said  products. 

ART.  60.  Whosoever  cute  or  removes  timber  or  other  forest  products  prohibited 
by  official  order,  or  cuts  species  the  utilization  of  which  is  prohibited  by  special 
mention  in  the  license,  shall  incur  a  penalty  amounting  to  four  times  the  value  of 
the  products.  A  copy  of  these  regulations  shall  accompany  each  license. 

ART.  61.  The  concessioner  must  gather  said  forest  product  together  and  pile  it  in 
the  district  where  cut  or  gathered,  and  not  where  the  cutting  of  timber  or  other 
utilization  of  forest  products  is  forbidden.  For  any  violation  he  shall  incur  a  pen- 
alty of  four  times  the  value  of  the  product  gathered. 


KEPOKT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 


ART.  62.  1.  The  trees  to  be  cut  shall  be  selected  and  cut  down  close  to  the  ground, 
care  being  taken  that  no  damage  be  done  in  falling  to  the  adjacent  trees.  The  con- 
cessioner shall  compactly  pile  the  branches  of  all  trees  felled,  and  place  said  branches 
where  the  least  damage  "shall  be  done  to  the  younger  growth. 

2.  Forest  products  shall  be  transported  as  "far  as  possible  by  routes  where  there 
are  few  trees,  avoiding  as  far  as  practicable  the  destruction  of  the  younger  growth. 

3.  Concessioners  shall  be  held  responsible  for  any  damage  to  the  forests  through 
failure  to  comply  with  the  above  requirements.     They  shall  also  be  held  responsible 
for  violations  of  said   regulations  on  the  part  of  their  representatives  or  their 
employees. 

ART.  63.  When  the  cutting  or  gathering  of  forest  products  has  been  finished,  the 
concessioner  shall  notify  in  writing  the  nearest  forestry  official  of  the  place  where 
said  product  is  deposited,  the  classes  and  amount  of  the  same,  and  its  destination. 

He  shall  also  state  if  he  has  left  any  felled  timber  in  the  forest,  and  if  so,  the  num- 
ber of  trees  and  the  classes. 

A  forestry  official  shall  verify  the  "  statement"  of  forest  products  presented  by  the 
concessioner,  examining  and  measuring  the  same.  He  will  make  out,  in  duplicate, 
the  manifest  for  each  shipment,  and  give  one  copy  of  this  to  the  concessioner. 

ART.  64.  The  concessioner  shall  not  load,  sell,  nor  use  any  forest  product  which 
has  not  been  paid  for,  unless  he  has  had  express  authority  from  the  chief  of  the  for- 
estry bureau,  and  has  given  a  satisfactory  guaranty  to  that  official. 

Stations  have  been  established  at  the  following  places: 


Town. 

Province. 

Town, 

Province. 

Aparri  i... 
Iloilo 

.   Cagayan. 
PariRV 

Aringay  

Union. 
Tavabas. 
Ilo'cos  Norte. 
Albay. 
Camarines  Sur. 
Pangasinan. 
Bataan. 
Cebu. 
Bulacan. 
Tavabas. 

San  Fernan 
Baguio  
Malabon  .  . 

lo  ... 

Pamoanea. 

Laoag  

Benguet. 
Manila. 

Legaspi  
Pasacao  

Subig  
Tarlac  
Laguimano 
Arayat  
Angeles  .  .  . 

Zambales. 
Tarlac. 
Tavabas. 
Painpanga. 
Do. 

Orani  

Cebu  

Calumpit 

Lucena  

A  number  of  other  stations  will  be  established  in  the  near  future,  as 
conditions  permit. 

As  the  service  grows,  more  and  more  difficulty  is  experienced  in 
securing  competent  native  officials.  The  Filipino  knows  nothing  of 
estimating  standing  timber,  selection  of  trees  to  be  felled,  or  the  pro- 
tection of  the  younger  growth.  These  must  be  taught  him  by  trained 
foresters  from  other  countries.  Although  authority  has  been  received 
by  the  undersigned  to  employ  trained  foresters  in  other  countries,  none 
have  as  yet  been  secured,  with  the  exception  of  the  two  from  the  United 
States  noted  above.  The  two  mentioned  are  not  what  we  would  call 
foresters,  but  are  good,  practical  lumbermen  and  will  render  good 
service.  We  must  look  to  tropical  India  and  Java  for  trained  men. 
A  recent  letter  from  Java  informs  this  office  that  an  offer  of  $200  gold 
per  month  will  not  induce  any  of  their  officials  to  enter  our  service,  as 
their  trained  men  receive  the  following  salaries:  Foresters,  from  $130 
to  $310  gold  per  month;  inspectors,  from  $320  to  $440  gold  per  month; 
chief  inspectors,  from  $440  to  $600  gold  per  month. 

The  foresters  of  India  are  also  very  well  paid,  and,  in  addition,  the 
forestry  officials  of  all  countries  but  ours  have  the  prospect  of  retire- 
ment with  pay  after  a  certain  number  of  years'  service,  or  for  disability. 
As  a  rule,  the  scientific  forester  has  taken  his  degree  before  entering 
the  forest  school;  then,  after  a  course  of  between  two  and  three  years, 
he  enters  the  lower  ranks  of  the  forestrv  service  in  his  countrv  and 


10          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

has  a  well-paid  position,  with  a  prospect  of  retirement  for  disability 
or  for  age.  Service  in  the  Philippines  involves  some  danger,  not  only 
from  the  pernicious  fevers,  but,  at  the  present  time,  from  insurgents. 
A  forester  from  Java  would  not  care  to  give  up  his  life  position  for 
service  in  the  Philippines  with  a  prospect  of  disability  and  no  govern- 
ment aid  afterwards.  We  have  here  a  vast  virgin  field  for  scientific 
investigation,  which  makes  the  Philippine  Islands  to-day  one  of  the 
most  attractive  fields  for  original  work,  but  the  objections  noted  above 
deter  many  from  entering  the  service. 

Many  applications  are  being  received  from  parties  in  the  United 
States  desiring  to  enter  the  forestry  service.  Very  few  applicants 
have  had  any  training  as  foresters;  some  have  been  engaged  in  logging 
business  and  sawmills,  and  some  apparently  are  anxious  only  for  a 
change  of  scene.  Others  seek  this  service  as  a  means  of  furthering 
schemes  for  future  timber  exploitation  by  private  parties.  Applicants 
residing  in  the  United  States  are  required  to  pass  a  civil-service  exam- 
ination, prepared  by  the  Bureau  of  Forestry  in  Washington.  Appli- 
cants in  Manila  are  "required  to  take  a  civil-service  examination  there. 

Two  expeditions  are  in  the  field  at  present:  One,  consisting  of  an 
assistant  forester  and  botanist,  is  in  southern  Mindanao  investigating 
the  varieties  and  amount  of  native-tree  species  producing  gutta-percha, 
rubber,  and  other  gums;  another  party,  consisting  of  a  forester  and 
assistant  forester,  is  in  the  Camarines  making  a  thorough  investiga- 
tion of  the  timber  on  the  tract  of  public  land  operated  over  by  the 
largest  lumber  concern  of  the  Philippine  Islands.  A  forestry  official 
is  stationed  permanently  near  the  headquarters  of  this  concern.  A 
report  from  this  expedition  will  inform  this  office  of  the  amount  and 
variety  of  timber  standing  in  this  tract,  methods  of  felling  and  hauling, 
the  condition  of  the  younger  growth,  whether  or  not  forestry  regula- 
tions are  strictly  complied  with;  in  fact,  will  report  on  all  matters  of 
interest  to  the  forestry  service.  From  previous  reports  from  this  same 
region  we  are  led  to  believe  that  the  cutting  by  this  company  is  a  mere 
thinning  of  the  forest,  and  works  an  actual  improvement  of  forest  con- 
ditions, the  annual  growth  on  this  tract  being  many  times  the  volume 
extracted  by  this  company  each  year.  At  present  this  company  is 
somewhat  hampered  by  the  loss  of  nearly  all  of  their  carabaos,  due  to 
an  epidemic  of  rinderpest  which  recently  swept  over  the  islands,  carry- 
ing off  many  thousands  of  these  animals,  which  are  the  only  source  of 
transportation  in  the  islands. 

The  forestry  official  acting  as  collector  for  the  bureau  was  sent  in 
January,  1901,  to  Zamboango,  province  of  Mindanao,  to  make  a  col- 
lection of  the  leaves,  fruit,  and  flowers  of  the  native-tree  species  found 
there.  He  returned  in  three  months  with  425  varieties  of  wood  and 
leaf  with  the  fruit  and  flower  of  many.  This  collection  was  made 
wichin  a  very  limited  area  in  this  province,  and  will  give  some  idea  of 
the  problems  to  be  solved  by  the  forestry  service  when  a  small  tract 
with  several  hundred  tree  species  is  to  be  prepared  for  the  lumberman. 

A  rational  forestry  policy  will  necessitate  the  felling  of  all  trees  by 
selection.  This  will  be  met  by  the  objection  of  the  lumbermen  that 
there  is  no  market  for  four  or  five  hundred  varieties  of  tree  species 
thus  selected.  The  duty  of  finding  a  market  for  such  varieties 
devolves  upon  the  forestry  bureau.  The  furniture  makers  of  America 
import  vast  quantities  of  hardwood  from  Central  and  South  America, 


"REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          11 

and  in  order  to  divert  their  attention  to  the  woods  of  the  Philippines 
100  varieties  of  specially  selected  woods  were  recently  gathered 
together  and  shipped  to  the  United  States,  where  they  will  be  placed 
on  exhibition  at  Buffalo,  and  later  at  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
in  Washington. 

Anyone  acquainted  with  American  methods  of  lumbering,  and  espe- 
cially anyone  from  the  lake  regions  of  the  United  States,  will  realize 
that'if  every  tree  for  felling  is  not  selected  and  rigid  supervision  of§ 
all  logging  operations  not  insisted  upon,  great  and  irremediable  loss* 
will  result.  Rigid  supervision  is  indispensable  and  is  only  possible 
when  thoroughly  trained  scientific  men  are  employed.  The  existing 
regulations  provide  ample  safeguards  against  forest  devastation,  but 
the  immediate  need  is  for  a  trained  corps  of  foresters  to  properly 
enforce  these  regulations. 

A  forestry  school  should  be  organized  as  soon  as  possible,  and  the 
first  foresters  employed  should  give  part  of  their  time  to  the  training 
of  native  officials  now  in  the  service.  In  time  specially  qualified  gradu-  • 
ates  from  colleges  in  the  Philippines  should  be  offered  inducements  to 
enter  the  forestry  school  and  thus  provide  for  the  extension  of  the 
service. 

REGULATIONS. 

The  Spanish  forestry  laws  and  regulations  in  force  in  August,  1898, 
were  found  to  be  excellent,  practicable,  and  in  line  with  similar  laws 
and  regulations  of  Europe,  where  the  science  of  forestry  has  reached 
such  a  high  state  of  perfection.  These  laws  and  regulations,  up  to  the 
time  of  our  occupation,  had  not  been  fully  enforced  and  scientific  for- 
estry not  practiced,  as  the  records  and  testimony  of  officials  show. 

Under  the  Spanish  administration  licensees  cut  any  and  everything. 
Trees  to  be  felled  were  not  selected,  no  minimum  size  was  prescribed, 
valuable  rubber  and  gutta-percha  trees  were  felled,  and  the  most  val- 
uable woods  used  as  firewood;  in  fact  the  officials  began  their  work 
after  the  trees  left  the  forest  and  not  before. 

The  Spanish  forestry  regulations  were  translated  and  a  new  set 
compiled,  based  practically  upon  the  old,  but  arranged  in  more  com- 
pact form.  Some  changes  were  made,  as  will  be  noted  below.  Blank 
forms  similar  to  the  old  are  used,  with  some  additions,  nearly  all  of 
which  are  printed  in  Spanish  with  English  notes.  The  regulations 
went  into  effect  July  1,  1900,  and  were  published  in  the  form  of  a  gen- 
eral order  (No.  92)  from  the  office  of  the  United  States  military  gov- 
ernor of  the  Philippine  Islands,  dated  Manila,  P.  I.,  June  27,  1900. 
These  regulations  have  not  been  amended  since  publication. 

As  soon  as  peace  is  thoroughly  established  in  the  islands  and  officials 
can  work  in  the  field  without  danger,  data  will  be  secured  upon  which 
to  base  a  revision  of  the  present  regulations.  However,  the  regula- 
tions as  enforced  at  present  seem  to  give  general  satisfaction.  Several 
thousand  copies  were  printed,  both  in  Spanish  and  English,  and  sent 
to  every  part  of  the  islands.  At  least  one  copy  is  sent  with  each  license, 
and  the  attention  of  the  licensee  is  drawn  to  the  fact  that  the  regula- 
tions must  be  followed. 

These  regulations  consist  of  77  articles  arranged  in  5  chapters. 
Chapter  1  is  entitled  ' '  Tariff  on  state  timber  and  instructions  for  its 
application."  In  this  chapter  we  find  the  tree  species  of  the  islands 


12          EEPORT    OF    FORESTKY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

classified  into  six  groups,  the  unit  of  measure  being  the  cubic  foot. 
The  price  per  cubic  foot  for  state  timber  is  as  follows  : 


Number 
of  varieties. 


Superior  group,  14  cents  Mexican 15 

First  group,  10  cents  Mexican 20 

Second  group,  8  cents  Mexican 86 

Third  group,  3  cents  Mexican 133 

Fourth  group,  2  cents  Mexican 234 

.  Fifth  group,  1  cent  Mexican 33 

At  present  the  timber  is  classified  and  measured  after  it  has  been 
felled  and  piled.  In  appraising  the  valuation  of  timber  hewn  on  four 
sides,  25  per  cent  is  added  for  wood  lost  in  hewing;  sawed  timber  has 
15  per  cent  added;  ebony  has  200  per  cent  added,  and  camagon  100  per 
cent  added.  ,  The  wood  of  groups  3,  4,  and  5  only  will  be  cut  for  fuel, 
thus  saving  from  felling  for  this  purpose  121  tree  species  of  higher 
grades.  This  restriction  is  noted  on  back  of  license.  In  the  Spanish 
regulations  the  tree  species  were  arranged  in  five  groups,  with  a  max- 
imum valuation  of  6  cents  per  cubic  foot.  The  present  regulations 
set  aside  fifteen  of  the  most  valuable  woods  as  a  superior  group  and 
place  a  valuation  on  them  of  14  cents  per  cubic  foot;  this  price  acts 
as  a  special  protection  for  these  valuable  species  and  tends  to  divert 
the  lumbermen  to  other  varieties  at  a  lower  rate.  Some  objection 
was  raised  to  the  increased  valuation  placed  on  forest  products,  but 
it  has  been  found  that  the  above  valuation  remains  very  close  to  5  per 
cent  of  the  present  market  price  of  timber  in  Manila. 

Chapter  2  is  entitled  "Utilization  of  timber  in  the  state  forests," 
prescribes  how  timber  should  be  felled  and  moved,  and  the  procedure 
necessaiy  before  the  licensee  can  take  his  product  to  market. 

Chapter  3  has  to  do  with  the  gratuitous  use  of  state  timber.  It  pro- 
vides for  the  free  use  of  timber  by  needy  residents,  and  for  timber  for 
public  works. 

Chapter  4  is  entitled  "  Firewood  for  market." 

Chapter  5  contains  provisions  relating  to  the  extraction  of  gutta- 
percha  and  other  gums. 

Chapter  6,  general  provisions. 

LICENSES. 

Licenses  are  issued  by  the  officer  in  charge  of  the  forestry  service 
upon  written  application  made  either  to  the  central  office  in  Manila  or 
to  any  of  the  forestry  officials  in  the  provinces.  If  application  is  made 
in  the  provinces,  the  forestry  official  sends  the  application  to  his  imme- 
diate chief,  with  some  recommendation  as  to  the  character  and  respon- 
sibility of  the  applicant.  The  indorsement  also  must  approve  or 
disapprove  the  application,  with  the  reasons  therefor.  An  applicant 
must  state  just  what  forest  product  he  wishes  to  take  from  the  public 
land,  and  must  also  specify  the  district  where  he  wishes  to  operate. 
Under  Spanish  administration  this  district  was  usually  a  province.  As 
a  rule,  during  the  last  six  months  we  have  been  confining  lincenses  to 
a  more  limited  area  and  close  to  some  pueblo.  By  this  means  we  know 
at  once  where  to  place  the  responsibility  for  any  violation  of  the  for- 
estry regulations,  as  to  manner  of  felling  and  removing  of  forest  prod- 
ucts. Where  a  number  of  licensees  are  operating  in  one  province  it  is 
difficult  at  times  to  know  just  where  to  place  the  responsibility  for  any 
infractions,  as  noted  above. 


REPOET    OF    FORESTEY    BUEEAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          13 

The  application  for  a  license  finally  reaches  the  central  office  at 
Manila,  containing  the  indorsements  of  the  forestry  officials  and  with 
evidence  of  the  character  and  responsibility  of  the  applicant. 

Licenses  are  issued  on  special  forms:  There  is  the  timber  license,  the 
firewood  license,  the  gratuitous  license,  and  then  a  general  form  to  include 
any  special  product  desired,  such  as  gutta-percha,  rubber,  and  other 
gums.  Where  the  government  valuation  of  a  forest  product  has  not 
been  specifically  mentioned  in  the  regulations,  provision  is  made  that  a 
valuation  of  10  per  cent  on  the  prevailing  market  price  in  Manila  will 
be  charged  for  such  product.  The  licenses  are  issued  for  one  year,  and 
may  be  revoked  for  violation  of  the  regulations.  A  gratuitous  license 
is  issued  to  needy  residents  upon  application,  accompanied  by  a  certifi- 
cate by  the  president  of  the  town  in  which  the  applicant  resides,  to  the 
effect  that  the  applicant  is  a  needy  resident  and  that  he  should  be  granted 
the  license.  This  license  runs  for  a  period  of  six  months.  The  licensee 
is  not  permitted  to  utilize  more  than  1,000  cubic  feet  of  timber,  and  is 
prohibited  from  utilizing  tree  species  of  the  superior  and  first  groups. 
(Thirty-five  tree  species  thus  protected;  this  restriction  is  noted  on 
back  of  license.)  A  gratuitous  license  may  also  be  issuecj.  to  govern- 
ment officials  upon  written  application,  stating  the  public  work  for 
which  such  timber  is  to  be  used  and  the  amount  and  variety  of  woods 
desired. 

A  list  of  licenses  is  sent  to  the  forestry  officials  in  the  provinces,  and 
the  instructions  of  these  officials  provide  for  the  supervision  of  the 
methods  of  operation  in  the  forest  of  the  various  licensees. 

Parties  bringing  into  market  forest  products  without  license  are 
fined  for  first  offenses  25  per  cent  of  the  valuation  of  said  products,  an 
increased  fine  for  the  second  offense,  and  confiscation  of  products  with 
a  fine  of  100  per  cent  provided  for  the  third  offense. 

It  has  been  found  that  many  of  the  dealers  in  forest  products,  and 
not  the  actual  loggers  in  the  woods,  were  the  holders  of  licenses.  This 
has  been  the  subject  of  careful  investigation  during  the  past  six  months, 
and  as  far  as  possible  none  but  the  actual  lumbermen  working  in  the 
forest  are  now  given  licenses. 

Owing  to  the  disturbed  conditions  in  the  islands  many  natives 
engaged  in  logging  were  afraid  to  leave  their  districts  and  go  far  from 
home,  and  as  the  forestry  officials  were  always  in  towns  garrisoned  by 
United  States  troops,  many  natives  never  came  in  contact  with  the 
forestry  officials,  and  operated  in  the  forests  without  license.  As  con- 
ditions improve,  this  difficulty  will  be  removed. 

Under  Spanish  administration  no  form  of  license  was  issued.  The 
applicant  received  his  letter  of  application  with  an  indorsement  of 
the  central  office  in  Manila,  stating  whether  or  not  he  was  permitted 
to  utilize  the  forest  products. 

Prior  to  March  2,  1901,  467  licenses  had  been  granted  by  the  for- 
estry bureau  at  Manila. 

Up  to  May  14,  1901,  the  number  of  licenses  granted  by  the  military 
government  were  as  follows: 

Timber 348 

Firewood 169 

Rubber  and  other  gums 32 

Dyewood 10 

Gratuitous 21 

Total...  ..  580 


14          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

Part  of  these  licenses  expire  in  six  months;  the  remainder  in  one 
year  from  date  of  issue.  Under  the  Spanish  administration  an  aver- 
age of  1,000  licenses  were  issued  each  year  by  the  forestry  bureau. 

Where  an  applicant  employs  a  number  of  the  people  of  a  thinly 
populated  district,  and  where  he  shows  that  he  can  cut  all  that  should 
properly  be  cut  for  the  present  needs  in  that  district,  other  licenses 
for  that  particular  limited  area  are  not  granted.  Up  to  the  present 
time  this  has  worked  without  objection.  The  licenses  granted  so  far 
cover  but  a  veiy  small  part  of  the  forest  area  of  the  islands.  Vast 
areas  of  virgin  forest  throughout  the  islands  are  practically  untouched 
and  will  not  be  entered  for  some  time  to  come,  owing  to  the  lack  of 
roads,  driveways,  scarcity  of  labor,  and  means  of  transportation. 

A  cable  dispatch  from  Washington,  D.  C.,  was  received  early  in 
March  giving  notice  of  the  passage  of  what  is  known  as  the  Spooner 
amendment.  This  law  provides  "that  no  sale  or  lease  or  other  dispo- 
sition of  the  public  lands  or  the  timber  thereon  or  the  mining  rights 
therein  shall  be  made." 

Orders  were  given  the  forestry  bureau  to  grant  no  more  licenses  to 
cut  timber  on  public  lands.  Several  weeks  later  a  copy  of  the  opinion 
of  the  law  officer  of  the  Division  of  Insular  Affairs,  giving  the  War 
Department's  construction  of  the  Spooner  amendment,  was  received, 
and  the  forestry  bureau  notified  that  "such  provisions  of  said  General 
Orders,  No.  92',  as  are  intended  to  protect  and  preserve  the  interests 
of  the  United  States  in  said  forests  are  in  harmony  with  said  enact- 
ment and  not  affected  thereby." 

The  opinion  stated: 

This  enactment  permits  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  grant  such  temporary 
privileges  as  are  ' '  clearly  necessary  for  the  immediate  government  of  the  islands  and 
indispensable  for  the  interest  of  the  people  thereof." 

The  licenses  granted  have  never  been  in  excess  of  the  immediate  and 
imperative  needs  of  the  islands,  and  the  cutting  under  these  licenses  in 
the  islands  has  never  been  equal  to  the  necessities  of  the  people,  and 
has  not  been  sufficient  to  bring  down  the  price  of  timber  to  what  it 
formerly  was.  The  cutting  nowhere  in  the  islands  has  been  equal  to 
what  would  have  been  selected  by  the  scientific  forester  whose  princi- 
pal object  was  the  betterment  of  forest  conditions. 

Owing  to  a  lack  of  facilities  for  logging  and  sawing,  it  was  found 
impossible  to  supply  the  United  States  military  forces  in  the  islands 
with  the  timber  necessary  for  the  construction  of  storerooms  for  sup- 
plies, and  barracks  for  troops,  timbers  for  bridges,  and  other  public 
works  immediately  necessary  for  the  care  of  the  troops.  Several 
million  feet  of  American  timber  were  imported  to  supplement  the 
native  timber  brought  to  market.  The  United  States  Government 
utilized  at  least  50  per  cent  of  the  native  timber  brought  to  market  in* 
the  Philippines.  The  merchants  used  a  large  part  of  the  remaining 
50  per  cent  for  new  buildings,  additions,  etc.,  leaving  the  private 
householders  but  a  small  and  ridiculously  inadequate  supply  for  the 
repair  of  their  homes.  The  number  of  homes  destroyed  in  the  Philip- 
pines during  the  insurrection  will  never  be  even  approximate^  known, 
and  it  will  be  j^ears  before  the  supply  of  native  wood  will  meet  even 
the  absolutely  necessary  demand  of  the  native  residents. 


REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          15 

PROCEDURE  AS  PRESCRIBED  IN  FORESTRY  REGULATIONS  IN  ORDER  TO 
EXTRACT  FOREST  PRODUCTS  FROM  THE  PUBLIC  LANDS  OF  THE 
PHILIPPINES. 

I.  Application  b}T  letter  to  the  forestry  bureau  of  the  party  desiring 
license.     The  writer  must  be  known  to  the  bureau  or  vouched  for  by 
some  responsible  party.     The  forestry  official  in  the  district  where 
the  license  is  to  be  granted  must  indorse  the  application.     No  particu- 
lar form  of  letter  is  required  in  making  this  application. 

II.  The  particular  license  requested,  if  granted,  is  made  out  on  a 
special  form,  signed  by  the  head  of  the  forestry  bureau,  and  stamped. 
(See  Forms  4,  5,  6,  7.) 

The  license  is  sent  with  a  copy  of  the  forestry  regulations  to  the 
applicant.  A  Spanish  copy  of  the  regulations  is  sent  to  all  native  or 
Spanish  applicants.  Notice  of  said  license  is  also  sent  to  the  forestry 
official  in  the  district  covered  by  the  license.  It  has  been  customary 
for  many  years  to  grant  licenses  covering  whole  provinces,  but  lately 
the  polic}7  has  been  to  restrict  the  license  to  a  district  covering  but 
one  or  two  pueblos  or  townships. 

In  the  province  of  Abra,  owing  to  severe  cutting  in  former  years, 
no  licenses  were  granted  by  the  Spanish  bureau.  Since  the  organiza 
tion  of  the  present  bureau  but  one  license  has  been  granted  in  this 
province.  This  license  was  given  at  the  solicitation  of  the  military 
government,  and  was  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  needs  of  the 
military  forces. 

In  other  provinces  as  many  as  37  timber  licenses  have  been  granted. 
In  many  provinces  and  islands  where  there  is  much  valuable  timber 
not  one'  application  has  been  received  for  timber  or  other  licenses. 

After  license  is  received  the  licensee  may  proceed  to  the  district 
covered  by  his  license  and  begin  operations. 

Article  62  of  the  Forestry  Regulations  prescribes  that  the  trees  to 
be  cut  shall  be  selected.  This  has  been  done  under  the  personal  super- 
vision of  the  undersigned  in  the  pine  region  of  Luzon,  where  the  tim- 
ber is  thin  and  where  vigorous  cutting  might  be  harmful  to  future 
forest  growth.  But,  as  a  rule,  the  cuttings  in  other  regions  have  been 
so  moderate  that  up  to  the  present  time  it  has  not  been  found  neces- 
sary to  mark  the  trees  to  be  felled.  This  will  be  done  in  the  near 
future,  or  as  soon  as  any  logging  company  begins  to  operate  on  a 
large  scale.  At  present  loggers  are  taking  ~  out  one  tree  where  they 
could  take  100  and  not  injure  the  forest  growth. '  This  state  of  affairs 
is  not  likely  to  continue  many  months  longer. 

When  the  logs  are  ready  for  removal  the  licensee  notifies  (see  article 
63)  the  nearest  forestry  official,  who  measures  his  wood  and  makes  out 
an  order  for  payment  (Form  3),  and  also  gives  to  the  licensee  a  mani- 
fest (Form  13)  on  which  is  noted  the  kind  and  dimensions  of  each  log. 

In  some  cases  (article  66)  the  licensee  pays  at  once  for  his  wood.  In 
other  cases  he  may  pay  at  the  destination  6f  cargo  if  in  the  Philip- 
pines. 

In  every  case  the  forestry  official  retains  a  copy  of  the  manifest, 
inscribes  one  copy  in  his  records,  and  sends  one  copy  to  the  Forestry 
Bureau  at  Manila. 

At  the  end  of  each  two  weeks  he  submits  a  report  (Form  17)  of  work 
done  during  this  period.  This  gives  twice  each  month  complete  and 


16          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

detailed  information  to  the  central  office  at  Manila  of  operations  over 
the  entire  archipelago. 

After  payment  for  the  wood  the  licensee  shows  a  receipt  for  the 
same  to  the  forestry  official  and  receives  from  this  official  a  permit  to 
unload  (Form  1)  and  a  note  of  the  customs  guards  (Form  2). 

At  destination  of  cargo  a  second  inspection  is  made  (Form  12)  and 
if  a  difference  is  found  between  the  original  manifest  and  second 
inspection,  this  difference  must  be  accounted  for,  and  in  certain  cases 
penalties  may  be  incurred.  If  an  excess  of  cargo  is  found  at  this 
second  inspection,  an  order  of  payment  (Form  10)  is  issued  and  a 
receipt  for  said  payment  must  be  shown  before  said  cargo  can  be 
moved. 

In  the  case  of  private  woodlands,  the  owner  or  his  authorized  agent 
submits  a  copy  of  the  title  to  his  woodlands  to  the  forestry  bureau  for 
registration.  If  the  title  is  prima  facia  a  good  one,  it  is  registered 
and  a  statement  (Form  9)  of  said  registration  given  to  the  owner. 
After  cutting  his  wood,  he  secures  a  certificate  from  the  mayor  of  the 
township  in  which  his  land  is  located,  to  the  effect  that  this  wood  was 
cut  on  his  land,  and  then  a  permit  for  free  transit  is  given  (Form  15). 

BLANK   FORMS   USED   IN   THE    FORESTRY   BUREAU,  MANILA,  P.  I. 

No.  1.  Permit  to  unload  forest  products. 
No.  2.  Note  to  customs  guards  to  permit  unloading  of  cargo. 
No.  3.  Order  of  payment.     (English.) 
No.  3.  Order  of  payment.     (Spanish.) 
No.  4.  License — Rubber,  gums,  gutta-percha,  etc. 
No.  5.  License — Firewood. 
No.  6.  License — Timber. 
No.  7.  License — Gratuitous. 

No.  8.  Acknowledgment  of  receipt  of  payment  on  excess  of  cargo. 
No.  9.  Statement  of  registration  in  forestry  bureau  of  title  to  private  woodlands. 
No.  10.  Order  of  payment  on  excess  cargo  "found  at  second  inspection. 
No.  11.  Permit  by  forest  ranger  to  move  parts  of  a  cargo  of  forest  products  (issued 
after  payment) . 

No.  12.  Statement  of  inspection  of  forest  products  at  destination. 
No.  13.  Manifest  of  timber  cut  on  public  lands. 
No.  14.  Manifest  of  firewood  cut  on  public  lands. 

No.  15.  Permit  for  free  transit  of  forest  products  taken  from  private  woodlands. 
No.  16.  Order  to  unload  forest  products  in  Manila  paid  for  at  another  place. 
No.  17.  Form  of  semimonthly  statement  made  at  each  forestry  bureau  station. 

Forestry  bureau.    Form  1. 

FORESTRY  BUREAU. 

No.  21.  MANILA,  P.  I.,  July  1, 1901. 

Juan  Garcia,  having  paid  the  State  valuation  of  the  timber  brought  to  Manila  on 
steamer  Salvadora,  the  forestry  employees  will  permit  the  unloading  in  Manila  Bay. 
When  unloading  is  finished  this  order  will  be  taken  up  and  the  manifest  given  in 
exchange,  so  that  the  timber  can  be  carried  where  desired,  provided  no  excess  of 
cargo  is  found  at  inspection. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN. 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

[Stub.] 
FORESTRY   BUREAU. 

No.  21.  MANILA,  P.  I.,  July  1,  1901. 

Origin,  Aparri.  Concessioner,  Juan  Garcia.  Name  of  vessel,  Salvadora.  No.  of 
pieces,  12.  Cubic  feet,  400.  State  valuation,  $40.  Date  of  statement,  June  15,  1901. 
Date  of  order  of  payment,  July  1, 1901.  Date  of  order  to  unload,  July  1, 1901. 


REPOKT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          17 

Forestry  bureau.     Form  2. 

FORESTRY  BUREAU,  MANILA,  P.  I. 

No.  21. 

Juan  Garcia,  having  paid  the  State  value  of  the  timber  brought  to  Manila  by  the 
steamer  Salvadora,  the  order  to  unload  has  been  given  on  this  date. 
Customs  guards  will  please  note. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

Forestry  bureau.    Form  S  (English). 

FORESTRY   BUREAU. 

No.  21.  MANILA,  P.  I.,  July  1,  1901. 

Juan  Garcia  will  pay  at  the  office  of  internal  revenue  of  Manila  the  sum  of  forty 
dollars,  value  of  the  timber  brought  to  Manila  in  steamer  Salvadora,  as  per  statement 
made  by  Juan  Garcia,  dated  June  15,  1901,  and  which  has  been  cut  by  authority  of 
license  granted  to  Juan  Garcia,  dated  January  10,  1901. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  m  Charge  of  Bureau. 

Forestry  bureau.     Form  3  (Spanish). 

FORESTRY   BUREAU,  MANILA,   P.  I. 

Son  $40.00.  Num.  21. 

Don  Juan  Garcia,  decent  ingresar  en  the  internal  revenue  office  la  cantidad  de  forty 
dollars  valor  de  las  maderas  conducidas  d  Manila  en  steamer  Salvadora  segun 
relacion  formada  por  el  Juan  Garcia  de  fecha  15  de  Junio  y  que  han  sido  cortadas  en 
virtud  de  licencia  que  se  le  ha  concedido  al  interesado  en  Aparri  10  de  Junio 
de  1901. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 

Captain,  Ninth  Infantry. 
Order  to  pay  to  internal  revenue  office  State  valuation  for  forest  product. 

[Stub.] 

FORESTRY    BUREAU. 

Num.  21. 

Procedencias,  Aparri.  Concesionario,  Juan  Garcia.  Buque  cargador,  Salvadora, 
Num.  de  piezas,  12.  Pies  cubicos,  400.  Tasacion,  $40.  Fecha  de  la  relaci6n, 
June  15,  1901.  De  la  orden  de  ingreso,  July  1,  1901.  Des  las  ordenes  de  descarga, 
July  1,  1901.  Manila,  1st  de  July,  de  1901. 

Forestry  bureau.     Form  4- 

FORESTRY   BUREAU. 

No.  10.  MANILA,  P.  I.,  January  1,  1901. 

LICENSE  FOR   RUBBER,  GUMS,  GUTTA-PERCHA,  ETC. 

In  accordance  with  existing  law,  a  license  is  hereby  granted  Juan  Garcia,  resident 
of  Aparri,  to  extract  rubber  iii  the  public  forests  of  the  province  of  Cagayan,  subject 
to  the  accompanying  regulations  and  tariff. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

[Stub.] 
FORESTRY    BUREAU. 

MANILA,  P.  I.,  January  1,  1901, 

LICENSE  FOR  RUBBER,  GUMS,  GUTTA-PERCHA,  ETC. 

No.  10.     Name,  Juan  Garcia.     Province,  Cagayan.     Remarks,  resident  of  Aparri. 

In  Charge  of  Bureau. 
11064— 01 2 


18          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

[On  back.] 
TAHIFF. 

Concessioners  shall,  for  the  present,  pay  10  per  cent  of  market  value  (in  Manila) 
of  forest  products  utilized  by  virtue  of  this  license. 
The  felling  of  rubber,  caoutchouc,  gutta-percha,  and  gum  elastic  trees  is  prohibited. 

Forestry  bureau.     Form  5. 
FOR  FIREWOOD  CUT  FOR  THE  MARKET. 

FORESTRY   BUREAU. 

No.  50.  MANILA,  P.  I.,  January  1,  1901. 

FIREWOOD  LICENSE. 

In  accordance  with  existing  law,  a  license  is  hereby  granted  Juan  Garcia,  resident 
of  Aparri,  to  cut  firewood  in  the  public  forests  of  the  province  of  Cagayan,  subject 
to  the  accompanying  regulations  and  tariff. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

[Stub.] 

FORESTRY    BUREAU. 

MANILA,  P.  I.,  January  1,  1901. 

FIREWOOD  LICENSE. 

No.  50.     Name,  Juan  Garcia.     Province,  Cagayan.     Remarks,  resident  of  Aparri. 


In  Cfiarge  of  Bureau. 
[On  back.] 

TARIFF. 

First  class:  Rajas  composed  of  pieces  75  centimeters  to  1£  meters  in  length,  20  to  40 
centimeters  in  circumference,  $1  per  thousand  rajas. 

Second  class:  Pieces  of  small  size,  20  cents  per  cubic  meter,  if  for  domestic  con- 
sumption; 40  cents  per  cubic  meter,  if  for  export. 

Tree  species  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  groups  only  permitted  to  be  cut  for  fire- 
wood. 

The  felling  of  rubber,  caoutchouc,  gum  elastic,  gutta-percha,  and  ylang-ylang  trees 
is  prohibited. 

Forestry  bureau.     Form  6. 

FORESTRY   BUREAU. 

No.  25.  MANILA,  P.  I.,  January  1,  1901. 

TIMBER  LICENSE. 

In  accordance  with  existing  law,  a  license  is  hereby  granted  Juan  Garcia,  resident 
of  Zamboanga,  to  cut  timber  in  the  public  forests  of  the  province  of  Zamboanga, 
subject  to  the  accompanying  regulations  and  tariff. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

[Stub.] 

FORESTRY    BUREAU. 

MANILA,  P.  I.,  January  1,  1901. 

TIMBER  LICENSE. 

No.  25.  Name,  Juan  Garcia.  Province,  Zamboanga.  Remarks,  resident  of  town 
of  Zamboanga. 


In  Charge  of  Bureau. 


REPORT    OF   FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         19 

[On  back.] 

TARIFF. 

Per  cubic  foot. 

Superior  group $0. 14 

First  group 10 

Second  group 08 

Third  group 03 

Fourth  group 02 

Fifth  group 01 

The  felling  of  trees  of  the  superior  and  first  groups  of  less  diameter  than  40  centi- 
meters is  prohibited,  excepting  ebony,  lanete,  and  camuning. 

The  felling  of  rubber,  caoutchouc,  gum  elastic,  gutta-percha,  and  ylang-ylang  trees 
is  prohibited. 

Forestry  bureau.     Form  7. 

FORESTRY   BUREAU. 
GRATUITOUS  LICENSE. 

No.  12.  MANILA,  P.  I.,  Februarys,  1901. 

In  accordance  with  existing  law,  a  license  is  hereby  granted  Isidor  Chanco,  resi- 
dent of  San  Fernando,  Pampanga,  to  cut  timber  in  the  public  forests  of  the  province 
of  Pampanga,  subject  to  the  accompanying  regulations. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

[Stub.] 
FORESTRY   BUREAU. 

MANILA,  P.  I.,  Februarys,  1901. 

Gratuitous  license,  No.  12.  Name,  Isidor  Chanco.  Province,  Pampanga.  Remarks, 
resident  of  San  Fernando,  Pampanga. 

In  Charge  of  Bureau. 
[On  back.] 

Trees  of  the  superior,  first,  and  second  groups  shall  not  be  cut  under  a  gratuitous 
license. 

Cutting  limited  to  1,000  cubic  feet. 

The  felling  of  rubber,  caoutchouc,  gum  elastic,  gutta-percha,  and  ylang-ylang  trees 
is  prohibited. 

Forestry  bureau.     Form  8. 

FORESTRY   BUREAU,   MANILA,   P.   I. 

Num.  181. 

Se  ha  recibido  en  esta  inspection  la  carta  de  pago  num  46  importante  forty-six  dol- 
lars por  diferencia  que  resulto  de  las  maderas  aprovechadas  por  el  concesionario 
Pedro  Martinez  en  province  of  Cagayan  y  conducidas  &  Manila  en  steamer  Salvadora 
segun  relacion  del  Pedro  Martinez  de  fecha  February  21. 
Manila,  15  de  March,  de  1901. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

"Acknowledgment  of  receipt  of  letter  of  payment  on  excess  of  cargo  of  forest 
products  as  found  at  inspection  at  destination." 

[Stub.] 
Num.  181. 

Numero  del  expediente,  46.  Numero  de  la  carta  de  pago,  97.  Diferencia,  $46. 
Concesionario,  Pedro  Martinez.  Barco,  Salvadora.  Intervention,  Juan  Martin. 

Acuerdo, . 

Manila,  15  de  March,  de  1901. 


20          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 
Forestry  bureau.     Form  9. 

FORESTRY  BUREAU,  MANILA,  P.  I.,  INTENDENCIA. 

Num. .  MANILA,  P.  I.,  February  10,  1901. 

A  los  efectos  del  articulo  75  de  la  Orden  General,  Numero  92  de  la  oficina  U.  S. 
Military  Governor  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  de  27  de  Junio,  1900,  en  este  dia  quedo 
inscrita  en  esta  oficina  en  el  libro  1st,  numero  78,  de  inscripcion  la  escritura  de  haci- 
enda que  en  el  sitio  de  Santa  Cruz,  jurisdiccion  del  pueblo  de  Manila  provincia  de 
Manila  posee  150  de  hectareas,  7  dreas,  15  centidreas  de  superficie. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

[Stub.] 
Num. . 

si  to  de ,  pueblo ,  provincia  .     Libro .  Num. 

de  inscripcion ,  de ,  parcelas  cuya  superficie  mide hectares, dreas, 

centidreas. 

Manila, , ,  19—. 

Forestry  Bureau,  Form  10. 

FORESTRY   BUREAU,  MANILA,  P.  I.,  INTENDENCIA. 

Num.  86. 

Don  Pedro  Martin  deberd  ingresar  en  el  the  internal-revenue  office  la  cantidad  de 
forty-six  dollars,  diferencia  de  valor  de  las  timber  que  condujo  d  Manila  segun  rela- 
ci6n  remitida  por  el  Pedro  Martin  de  fecha  8  de  February. 
Manila,  15  de  February  de  1901. 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain,  Ninth  Infantry,  in  charge  bureau. 

Diferencia,  $ . 

Multa,  $ . 

Total,  $ . 

Num. . 

[Stub.] 

Concesionario  Don -.     Num.  de  la  l.a  orden  de  ingreso .     Fecha 

de  la  orden  de  descarga . 


Declarado . . 
Intervenido 
Diferencia  . 


Importe  de  la  diferencia '. $ 

Id.      de  la  multa , 

Id.      total  de  la  orden  ingreso 


Manila de de  19—. 

Recibf  la  orden  de  ingreso  en de de  19 — . 

EL  INTERESADO. 

Forestry  Bureau,  Form  11. 

FORESTRY   BUREAU,   MANILA,  P.  I. 

Num.  62. 

MANILA,  P.  l.,8  de  February,  1901. 
El  Juan  Martin  conduce  timber  expresadas  al  dorso  comprendidas  en  la  orden  de 

descarga  No.  181,  de de . 

RANGER. 

[This  paper  is  given  to  parties  removing  parcels  of  a  cargo  of  forest  products.] 


EEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

[Stub.] 


21 


El 


de 


Manila 


de 


conduce  - 
19—. 


No. 
de  la  orden  de  descarga  No.  de  - 


Forestry  Bureau,  Form  12. 


INSPECTION    AT   DESTINATION. 

No.  78. 

INTERVENCI6N    DEL    DIA    8    DE    FEBRUARY. 


INSPECTION   AT   DESTINATION. 

No.  78. 

lNTERVENCl6N  DEL  DIA  8  DE  FEBRUARY. 


[Name  of  wood  of  each  log  and  dimensions  stated  on  each  side  of  this  form  and 
then  signed  by  official  making  the  inspection.] 

Forestry  Bureau,  Form  13. 

MANIFEST. 

STATEMENT  OF  TIMBER  CUT  BY  LICENSE. 

(GUI  A.) 

Relation  de  las  maderas  eortadas  en  los  montes  pub.icos  del  pueblo  de  Iba,  pro- 
vincia  de  Zambales,  en  virtud  de  la  licencia  num.  86  concedida  por  the  Forestry 
Bureau  en  15  de  February  de  1901,  a  D.  Pedro  Pilar,  vecino  de  Iba,  provincia  de 
Zambales,  y  que  se  hallan  depositadas  en  —  —  para  trasportarlas  en  steamer  Salvadora 
con  destine  a  Manila. 


Numero 
de 
piezas. 

Clase  de  maderas. 

Dimensiones. 

Bojeo. 

Cubicaci6n. 

Tasacidn. 

Longitud. 

Ancho. 

Grueso. 

1 

1 
1 
1 

Ipil 

Pies. 
20 
22 
14 
18 

Puntos. 
5 
6 
3 
5 

Puntos. 
18 
16 
16 
16 

Puntos. 
16 
16 
14 
12 

Puntos. 

Pies. 

Miesir 
mas. 

Pesos. 

Cent. 

Ipil 

ipii  ::::::::::::: 

Yacal  

[Each  log  measured,  classified,  and  appraised  and  placed  on  this  manifest.  Signed 
"by  owner  of  timber  or  his  agent,  and  also  signed  by  the  forestry  official.  Note  of 
payment  also  made  at  end  of  this  statement.] 

Forestry  Bureau,  Form  14. 

STATEMENT   OF   FIREWOOD    CUT    BY    LICENSE. 

Relacion  de  las  lefias  eortadas  en  los  montes  publicos  del  pueblo  de  Morong, 
provincia  de  Morong,  en  virtud  de  la  licencia  concedida  por  el  Forestry  Bureau  en  1 
de  January  de  1901,  a  D.  Juan  Martin,  vecino  de  Morong,  las  cuales  se  transportan  d 
Manila,  en  steamer  Cavite. 

LE$AS  DEL  PRIMER  GRUPO. 


Niimero  de  rajas. 

Tasacion. 

Pesos. 

Cent. 

•6,000,  at  81  per  M  

6 

00 

22          KEPOET    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 
LEftAS  DEL  SEGUNDO  GRUPO. 


Volumen  en  metros  cubicos. 

Tasaci6n. 

Pesos. 

Cent. 

150,  at  20  cents  per  cu.  M  

30 

00 

Pesos. 

Cent. 

Importe  de  tasaci6n  de  las  del  l.«r  grupo. 

6 

00 

id.      de       id.     delasde!2<>     id                           

30 

00 

Total 

36 

00 

[Signed  by  owner  and  by  forestry  official.] 


No.  78. 


Forestry  Bureau,  Form  15. 

FORESTRY   BUREAU,  MANILA,  P.  I. 


Habiendo  conducido  d  esta  capital  D.  Francisco  Sanz,  las  timber  que  al  margen  se 
expresan  y  que  ban  sido  extrafdas  en  los  terrenes  que  en  el  pueblo  de  San  Fernando 
(Romblon) ,  provincia  de  Romblon,  posee  D.  Fr.  Sanz,  segun  relacion  firmada  por  el 

y  autoridad  local  del  mismo  pueblo,  de  fecha  3  de  February,  1901,  las  cuales 

ban  sido  transportadas  en  steamer  Gloria;  los  carabineros  de  custodia  y  dependientes 
de  estainspeccion  permitiran  el  libre  trdnsito  de  las  mismas,  previa  la  oportuna  inter- 
venci6n  de  la  que  daran  cuenta  &  esta  dependencia  con  la  devolucion  de  la  presente 
orden. 

Manila,  10  de  February  de  1901.  [Signed.] 

[Permit  for  free  transit  of  forest  products  taken  from  private  woodlands.] 

[Stub.] 
FORESTRY   BUREAU. 

No.  78. 
Pueblo  de  San  Fernando.     Provincia  de  Romblon.     Hacienda  de  Francisco  Sanz, 

Sibuyan.     Aprovechamiento  de  timber.     Embarcacion, .     Conductor,  steamer 

Gloria.  Fecha  de  la  orden  de  descarga,  February  15, 1901.  Fecha  de  la  intervencion, 
February  15,  1901. 

Forestry  Bureau,  Form  16. 

FORESTRY  BUREAU,  MANILA,  P.  I. 

No.  78. 

Satisfecho  por  D.  Juan  Martfn  el  valor  de  las  timber  que  ha  aprovechado  en  el 
pueblo  de  Iba,  provincia  de  Zam  bales,  las  cuales  ha  conducido  a  esta  capital  en  el 
steamer  Salvadora;  los  carabineros  de  custodia  y  dependientes  de  esta  inspection 
permitirdn  descargar  en  el  Rfo  Pasig  las  timber  que  al  dorso  se  expresan,  previa  la 
oportuna  intervencion  de  la  que  daran  cuenta  a  esta  dependencia  con  la  devolucion 
de  la  presente  orden. 

Manila,  15  de  February  de  1901.  [Signed.] 

[Order  to  unload  forest  products  in  Manila  paid  for  at  another  place.] 


[Stub.] 


Embarcacion,  - 
cos,  -  .  Tasacion, 
de 


Procedejicias, 


Fecha  de  la  relacion, 

s  pago, .     Fecha  de  la  misma, .     Id.  de 

Manila, de de  190 — . 

El  Ayudante, 


Num.  de  piezas 


No. . 

, .     Pies  cubi- 

Niimero  de  la  carta 


orden  de  descarga, 


EEPOET    OF    FOEESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 


23 


Forestry  Bureau,   Form  17. — Form  used  by  forestry  officials  in  charge  of  stations  in 
making  semimonthly  reports. 


Mes  de  (month  of) 


Ano  de 


Nombre  del  interesado  (name  of  interested 
party). 

Proceden- 
cia  de  los 
productos 
(place  of 
origin  of 
products). 

Clase  de 
aprovecha- 
miento 
(class  util- 
ized). 

Numero 
de  piezas 
(number 
of  pieces)  . 

Cubicaci6n  (cubic 
volume). 

Pies. 

Milesimas. 

Nombre  del  interesado  (name  of  interested 
party). 

Lenas  (firewood). 

Productos 
varies  (va- 
rious prod- 
ucts other 
than  tim- 

Tasaci6n (govern- 
mental charge)  . 

ber  or  1 

n 

- 

wood). 

1."  grupo. 

2.»  grupo. 

Pesos. 

Ctmos. 

Nombre  del  interesado  (name  of  interested 
party). 

Diferencias  (differ- 
ences second  inspec- 
tion). 

Multas(  fines). 

Destine  de 
los  produc- 
tos (des- 
tination of 

products). 

Pesos. 

Ctmos. 

Pesos. 

Ctmos. 

Nombre  del  interesado  (name  of  interested 
party). 

Fecha 
i-BferfAii    Fecha  de  la  ordende 
M«tP  n?     ingreso  (date  of  or- 
(mani          der  of  payment). 

Fecha  del 
ingreso 
(date  of 
payment). 

Internal 
Revenue 
enque 
se  ingreso 
(Int.  Rev. 
office 
where 

fest). 

1 

payment 

was  made)  . 

Evpedida. 

RecMda. 

Interven- 

Fecha  de 
remisi6n  de 
la  relaci6n  y 
recibo  al  For- 

Nombre del  interesado  (name  of  interested 
party). 

ci6n  de  la 
relaci6n 
(second  in- 

estry  Bureau 
(date  of 
transmission 

Observaciones. 

pection). 

to  and  receipt 
of  manifest 

at  Foresi 

ry 

Bureau). 

24          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.' 

Statement  of  licenses  granted  by  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I.,  from  July  1,  1900,  to  July 

15,  1901. 

[Date  of  last  license  granted  by  forestry  bureau.] 

TIMBER    LICENSES    (FOR    PERIOD   OF    ONE    YEAR). 

Number  granted — 

July,  1900  (terms  have  expired) 33 

August,  1900  (terms  have  expired) 32 

September,  1900  (terms  expire  September  30, 1901 ) 30 

October,  1900 40 

November,  1900 28 

December,  1900 33 

January,  1901 72 

February,  1901 20 

March,  1901 8 

Total  number  granted  to  date  of  Spooner  amendment 296 

April,  1901 26 

May,  1901 49 

June,  1901 53 

.   128 

July,  1901 53 

Total •- 477 

FIREWOOD   LICENSES   (FOR   PERIOD   OF   ONE   YEAR). 

Number  granted— 

July  1, 1900,  to  June  30, 1901 192 

July,  1901 17 

209 

DYEWOOD   LICENSES    (FOR   PERIOD   OF   ONE   YEAR). 

Number  granted —  • 

July  1,1900,  to  June  30, 1901 12 

July,  1901 2 

14 

RUBBER,  GUMS,  AND   GUTTA-PERCHA    LICENSES  (FOR   PERIOD   OF   ONE   YEAR). 

Number  granted — 

July  1, 1900,  to  June  30, 1901 38 

July,  1901 1 

39 

GRATUITOUS   LICENSES    (FOR   PERIOD  OF   SIX   MONTHS). 

Number  granted,  July  1, 1900,  to  June  30,1901 30 

Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I. 
TIMBER  LICENSES. 


Leoncio  B.  Araullo 
J.R.Redfern  (agent) 
Justino  Sevilla 
Severo  Sanchez 
Hermogenos  Tan-Tiangeo 
Francisco  Garcia  Vergara 
Luis  Esteban  .............. 

do 
Ramon  Lagdameo 


July     1 

July     9 

d 


July   10 

do... 

do... 
July   12 

do... 

do... 


Bataan 

Tayabas 

Painpanga 

Tarlac 

Hermoso,  Bataan 

Tayabas 

Zambales 

Bataan 

Camarines,  Norte 


Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 


KEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         25 


Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  /.—Continued. 
TIMBER  LICENSES— Continued. 


No. 

Licensee. 

Date. 

Location. 

Province. 

10 

1900. 

Julv   1-2 

11 

do  

do... 

Tavabas  

Do. 

12 
13 

Lino  Livoro  
Santo  de  los  Reyes  

....do... 
Julv   13 

Luban  Island  
Aravat,  Pampanga 

Do. 
Do 

14 

do 

do  ... 

Tariac 

Do 

15 

do 

do 

Do 

16 

Luis  Esteban  

Julv  16 

Pampanga  

Do 

17 

Julv   18 

Bataan 

Do 

18 

do 

Zambales 

Do 

19 

Mariano  Gil  

....do... 

Bataan  

Do. 

20 

John  Orr  

Julv  21 

Tayabas  

Do 

21 

do 

do   . 

Do 

.     22 

Mariana  Xoble  Jose 

Julv  25 

Do 

23 

do  

do... 

Zambales  

Do. 

24 

Celesforo  Correa 

Julv  26 

Do 

25 

July  27 

Do 

26 

do  

..  ..&>;.. 

Zambales  

Do. 

27 

do  ... 

Bataan 

Do 

28 

do 

Do 

Salvador  Linao  

...  do... 

Bataan  

Do. 

30 

Francisco  Paguio  

....do... 

do         .  ..                

Do. 

31 

Julv  28 

do 

Do 

32 

Antonio  Vidanes  

Morong  

Do. 

do  

do 

Laguna  

Do. 

34 

Aug.    1 

Do 

35 

opment  Co. 
do  

....do... 

Camarines,  Sur  

Do. 

36 
37 

38 

Bruno  de  Borja  
Luis  Esteban  
Romulo  Mercado  

....do... 
....do... 
Aug.    2 

Bulacan  
Tariac  
Pampanga  

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

39 

Anacleto  Mendoza  

.     .do    .. 

Bataan 

Do. 

40 

Herbert  R  Spincoe 

Aug     3 

do 

Do 

41 

Isidore  Tuzon  

do... 

Pampanga  

Do. 

42 

do  

do  ... 

Do. 

43 

Aug     4 

44 

Santiago  Mallarv 

Aug     6 

45 
46 

Jacobo  F.  Arscuschek  

Aug.     8 
do 

do  
do 

Do. 
Do 

47 

Aug     9 

Masbate  Island 

48 
49 

Epifanio  Salta  

Nueva  Ecija  

Luzon. 
Do. 

50 

do 

Do 

51 

Jose  Izquierdo  

do  ... 

Do. 

52 

Mariano  Vega 

Aug   17 

Do. 

53 

Enrique  0  rte  Ca«telvi 

do 

Do 

54 

Francisco  Roque  

do 

Do. 

55 

Chino  Jose  Chung  Sunmuv.. 

Tariac 

Do. 

56 

Marcelo  Tiglao 

do 

Do. 

57 

Tap  Guian  

Aug.  22 

Tariac    

Do. 

58 

N.  F.  Hashim  &  Co  

do 

Zambales 

Do. 

59 

Feliza  Javier  Martinez 

\ug   23 

Do. 

60 

Manuel  Nieto  

do  ... 

Albay  

Do. 

61 

Gregorio  Dizon  

Aug.  28 

Tariac 

Do. 

62 

do  ... 

do 

Do. 

«3 
64 

Luis  Esteban  
Meliton  Infantado  

do  ... 
Aug.  28 

Nueva  Ecija  

Do. 
Do. 

€5 

Oscar  F.  Campbell 

Aug    29 

Do. 

66 
67 

Sixto  San  Agustin  
Juan  Alili  

Sept.    5 
do.  . 

Bataan  
Tariac  

Do. 
Do. 

68 
69 

Carlos  Serrano  
do 

....do... 
do 

Masbate  

Do. 

Masbate  Island. 

70 

do  

do... 

Burcias  Island  

71 

Saturnino  Cumington 

Sept.  10 

Bataan                            

Luzon. 

72 
73 

Chino  Jose  Sun-Muy  

do... 
Sept   15 

Cagayan  

Do. 
Do. 

74 
75 

Antonio  Correa  y  Pomar  (agent) 
Marcelino  Tangeo. 

....do... 
do 

Cagayan  

Do. 
Do. 

76 

Francisco  Dominguez  

....do... 
do 

Pampanga  

Tariac 

Do. 
Do. 

78 

Claro  Lagdameo  Evangelista. 

Sept   19 

Do. 

79 
80 
81 

do  
do  

do... 
....do... 

Camarines  Norte  
Camarines  Sur  

Do. 
Do. 

Pastor  Macamava 

Sept   22 

Luzon. 

83 

do 

do 

Do. 

84 

do 

do 

Do. 

85 

Juan  de  Molina  Martell  

do... 

do  

Do. 

86 

87 

Melquiades  Flores  

....do... 
do 

Bulacan  

do 

Do. 
Do. 

Martin  Gonzalez  

Sept.  24 

Pampanga  .  .  . 

Do. 

26          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I. — Continued. 
TIMBER  LICENSES— Continued. 


No. 

Licensee. 

Date. 

Location. 

Province. 

90 
91 
92 
93 
94 

95 
96 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 
117 
118 
119 
120 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 
132 
133 
134 
135 
136 
137 
138 
139 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
146 
147 
148 
149 
150 
151 
152 
153 
154 
155 
156 
157 
158 
159 
160 
161 
162 
163 
164 
165 
166 
167 

1900. 
Sept.  24 
do 

Pampanga  

Luzon. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Fourth  d  i  s  t  r  i  c 
Mindanao. 
Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

Pedro  Cuevas  

Sept.  25 

Pedro  Duyapa  

Sept.  27 
do... 

Cagayan  
Davao  

do 

Pedro  Rodriguez  
Jos6  Rojas  Tan  Conges  (Chino)  . 
do  

Oct.     1 
.  do  ... 

Pampanga  
do  

....do... 
do 

Tarlac  

Luis  Arnalot  

do... 

do  

do 

Manila.    ... 

do 

Carlos  Lagman  

Oct.      3 
do 

Pampanga  

Bataan  

Oct      5 

Nicalao  Pica  y  Planas  

....do... 
do     . 

Tavabas  

Manila  

Oct.    10 
do  ... 

do  

Oct.    11 
do 

Tarlac  

Nueva  Ecija 

Brigido  Achico 

do  ... 

Pampanga  

Oct.    16 
do 

Manila  

Pedro  Edafio 

Pascual  de  Perio                

do  ... 

do  

Oct.    22 
do 

Martina  Sicat 

do 

Felipe  Angeles  

....do... 
do 

Bulacan  

Abra   . 

do 

do 

Johan  Theodore  Lund  

Oct.    23 
Oct.    27 
....do... 

Bataan  

Manila 

Juan  Canov  

Bataan  

Rufino  Lun-Culloc  

....do... 

Pampanga  

Monico  Espino  

....do... 

....do.... 

Pantaleon  Gabriel 

do 

.do...                                .     . 

do 

Fabian  de  Guzman  

do  ... 

do  

Fermin  Mendoza. 

do 

.do. 

do 

Ignacio  Alvarado  

do... 

do  

Fermin  Macanaya. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Severino  Donato  

do 

do  

Mariano  Cactaquin. 

Nov.    6 
do... 

Pangasinan  
Tavabas  

Francisco  Garcia  

Tomas  Garcia  

Valentin  Espiritu 

....do... 

Nov     8 

Nueva  Ecija  

do 

Otto  Scheerer  

Nov.    9 
Nov    14 

Benguet  

Manila 

Victor  Lorenzo  . 

do 

do 

Teodoro  A.  Raymundo  
Mamerto  Roque  
Serviliano  Vitug  

....do... 
....do... 
do  .  . 

Zambales  

do  

Emilio  A.Lallave  
Ivon  Pineda  

do 

....do... 
Nov.  16 
do 

Ilocos  Norte  
Tarlac  
Pangasinan  
Bataan  

Antonino  de  Guzman  
Jeronimo  Zabala  
Benito  Tang  Cuaco  

Nov.  19 
....do... 
do 

Pampangas  

Paulino  Santiano  

do 

Francisco  Pilapil  
Gregorio  Hernandez  

Nov.  26 
do 

Morong  
do  

Victoriano  L.  Evangelista  
Antonino  Maximo  . 

....do... 
do 

Tavabas  

do 

Vicente  Trivino 

do 

Mariano  Montejo  
Emilio  Peni  
Hipolito  de  la  Rosa  
Jos6  Corpus  

....do... 

Nov.  28 
Nov.  30 
do 

Marinduque  Island  

Masbate  Island 

Zambales  
do                              

Carlos  Planes  

....do... 
Dec.     1 
....do... 
....do... 
Dec.     3 

Miisbiite  

Vicente  Camara  
Jose  Caballero  

Protasio  Cuaderno  ... 

Zambales  
Romblon  Island  

Bulacan.... 

KEPOET    OF   FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         27 


Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I.—  Continued. 
TIMBER  LICENSES— Continued. 


No. 

168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 
178 
179 
180 
181 
182 
183 
184 
185 
186 
187 
188 
189 
190 
191 
192 
193 
194 
195 
1% 

197 
198 
199 
200 
201 
202 
203 
204 
205 
206 
207 
208 
209 
210 
211 
212 
213 
214 
215 
216 
217 
218 
219 
220 
221 
222 
223 
224 
225 
226 
227 
228 
229 
230 
231 
232 
333 
234 
235 
236 
237 
238 
239 
240 
241 
242 
243 
244 
245 

Licensee. 

Date. 

Location. 

Province. 

Simeon  Bias 

1900. 
Dec.     3 
do  ... 

Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Panay. 
Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Mindanao. 
Do. 
Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Panav  Island. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Panay. 

Teodoro  de  Mesa  

Juan  Macedo  
A  \V  Holmes 

....do... 
do 

Zambales  

E.  L.  Probasco  

....do... 

do 

Miguel  del  Castillo  

Dec.  10 
do 

do 

Manuel  Relos  

....do... 

do...^  

Tomas  Calagui  do  ... 
Mariano  de  Leon  i  do  ... 

do  
Isabela  

Juan  Atayde  

....do... 
Dec.  11 
do 

Tarlac 

Ciracadel  Raido  

Bataan  

Pedro  Calantas  

....do... 
do 

Gabriel  Formoso  .  . 

do 

Dec.  14 
do... 

Pedro  Jeronimo  

Ly  Agen  

do... 

Iloilo 

Santiago  Gimeno  
Macario  Marco  

....do... 
....do... 

Cavite  

Laguna   . 

do  

....do... 
do 

Chua  Tong  (Chinese) 

dr> 

Juan  Taldon  

....do... 
Dec.  15 
....do... 
....do... 
do   . 

Kanuto  Engelskjon  
Manuel  Murciano  
Pantaleon  Villegas  

Surigao  Island,  etc  

Tarlac  

Dolores  Rivera        .     . 

A.W.Prautch  

Nuctas  Santos  
Roman  Tongeo  

1901. 
Jan.     6 
Jan.     7 
do..  . 

Pampanga  

Bataan  

do 

Antonio  Font  

Lun  IngChiat  (Chinese)  
Miguel  Pascual 

....do... 
....do... 
do 

Zambales  

Bataan  

Julian  Balte  

do 

Gabriel  Cord  

—  do  ...   Tayabas  

Joaquin  Bavot  

do         Masbate  Island 

Antonio  Gomez  

...  do  ...    Manila  

do      1         do 

Jose  Barrierro  

Tomas  Asuncion 

Francisco  Tiangeo  

Isidoro  Noriega    

Martini  Suat 

Josd  M.Almeda  

Tomas  Garcia  

Clemencia  Navarro 

Francisco  Sison  
Zacarius  Asuncion  
Nicolas  Pilapil  

....do... 
....do... 
....do.... 

Nueva  Ecija  
Sorsogon  

Morong  

Mariano  Dedacal  
Cipriano  Candelario  

Torobio  de  Leon 

....do... 
....do... 
do 

Bataan  

Bulacan  
Iloilo  

do 

Antonio  Correa  y  Pomar  
Fruta  de  la  Paz. 

....do... 
do 

Jose  Elipio 

Jan.     9 
do 

do 

Jose  Zufenata  

do 

Pedro  Yasquez  
James  Porter 

do 

do 

do 

Cayagan  

do 

Manuel  Oleaga  

,  Bonifacio  Cortez 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Lorenzo  Castillo  

do 

do 

Alejo  Berades  .  . 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Faustino  Comillas  

do. 

do 

Leoncio  Duvapa  

do 

do 

Francisco  Agconila 

do 

do 

do 

Marcos  Duvapa  do 

do 

Gabriel  Cabal 

do 

do                                   .  .  . 

Vicente  Pascual 

do 

do 

Fruta  de  la  Paz  

....do... 

Concepcion  .  .  . 

28          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I. — Continued. 
TIMBER  LICENSES— Continued. 


No. 

Licensee.                    j     Date.    |                    Location. 

Province. 

246 
247 
248 
249 
250 
251 
252 
253 
254 
255 
256 
257 
258 
259 
260 
261 
262 

264 
265 
266 
267 
268 
269 
270 
271 
272 
273 
274 
275 
276 
277 
278 
279 
280 
281 
282 
283 
284 
285 
286 
287 
288 
289 
290 
291 
292 
293 
294 
295 
296 
297 
298 
299 
300 
301 
302 
303 
304 
305 
306 
307 
308 
309 
310 
311 
312 
313 
314 
315 
316 
317 
318 
319 
320 
321 
322 
323 
324 
325 

Mariana  Alcaeid 

1901. 
Jan.    12 
....do... 

T>in      17 

Zambales  
Masbate  Island  

Luzon. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Panay. 
Do. 
Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Mindanao. 
Do. 
Do. 

Luzon. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 

Leyte. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Panay. 
Luzon. 

Do. 

.Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Leyte. 
Luzon. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Jos6  C.  Zapiram  

Timoteo  Sevilla 

Simplino  Estrada  do  .  .  .    Pangasinan  

Tomos  Angeles  do  ... 
Anacleto  Vicente  '  do  ... 

Pampanga  
do  
Romblon  
Tavabas  

Ilo'ilo  ... 

OngTingeo  (Chinese)  do... 
Manuel  Perez  de  Tagle  do  .  .  . 

do...1     ..  do  

Frank  S.  Bourns  (agent)  
do  

do...    Benguet  
do  ...    Zamboanea  

M  A  Clarke                     

Jan.   21 
Jan.   22 
....do... 
Jan.   24 
do 

Benguet  

Pablo  Garcia  Mostratis  
Isidro  Protusada  y  de  Loyole.  .  . 
John  F.  Macleod  

Masbate  Island  
Matti  

John  F  Macleod 

do            Mntti 

....do... 

Leyte  Island  

Luis  Hidalgo                          

Jan.   25 
....do... 
do... 

Adriano  Tolentino  
Gemiaiano  Zurbito  

Panga.sinan  
Masbate  Island  

Bataan 

W  N  Swarthout             

Feb.  14 
Feb.  15 
....do... 
Feb.  18 
do 

W  F  Lownev  &  Co 

Basilan  Island 

Mercer,  Nugent  &  Co  
Joaquin  Campomanos  

Zambales  

Levte  Island 

Isidore  del  Castillo  

....do... 
Feb.  19 
do 

Batangas  

Pascasio  de  Mendezoma  
do 

Chicote  y  Sanchez  y  Co  
O.  Orchard  

....do... 
....do... 
Feb.  21 
Feb.  23 
Feb.  25 
do 

Davos,  Mindanao  

F.  Emerson  Hoar  

Laguna  
Morong  

Bonifacio  Seronino  

Pastor  del  Castillo  
Tomas  Revilla 

....do... 
do 

Capiz  

Pedro  de  la  Vina 

Feb.  26 
do... 

Sixto  del  Rosario.  .  .•  

Marianno  Yerro  
do  

Feb.  27 
....do... 

.  .  .do  

Pedro  C.  Rodriguez  

Mar.     1 
Mar.    5 
Mar.     6 

Mutate  Island 

Augustin  Asensio  

.do  ... 

do 

Mar.    6 
do... 

E  Francisco  Asis 

Pedro  S.  Magdangal  |  do  ... 

Honorio  Lazam  

Apr.     9 
do... 

G.L.M.Saxton  
Carl  F.  Miller 

Masbate  Island  

Tomas  Ortiz  

Nueva  Ecija  

Phelps  Whitmarsh  

Union 

Florentine  Milanes  .  .do  ... 

do 

Jos6  Llobrera  i       do 

do 

do 

Charles  Muller  

....do... 
do 

Nueva  Ecija  

Potenciano  Lesaca 

Santiago  Calixto 

do 

Gregorio  Bonilla  

....do... 

'do      

Charles  Muller  

do 

Teodoro  de  Castro 

do 

Severe  Madrid  

Apr.  12 
do... 
do  ... 

do    

Francisco  Enaje  de  Jesus  
Lucio  Lising  

Jose  Munoz 

Bilivan  Islands  
Tarlac  

do  .'  

Rufino  Quimson  

.  .  .  .do  .  .  .  ;  Nueva  Ecija  

Fausto  Ormacchea  
Mercer,  Nugent  &  Co  
Cirilo  de  Perio 

Apr.   19 
do... 

Albay  
Zambales  
do 

do 

Miiv     :; 
May  14 
do... 

do 

Bias  Pantal  eon.... 

North  Ilocos... 

REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         29 


Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I. — Continued. 
TIMBER  LICENSES-Continued. 


No. 

Licensee. 

Date. 

Location. 

Province. 

326 

Juan  Ortega  

1901. 
May  14 

Nueva  Ecija  

Luzon. 

327 

do 

do 

Do 

328 

Cirilo  Estella  

....do... 

Zambales  

Do 

329 

Tirnoteo  Manzano  

....do... 

do..  . 

Do 

330 

do 

Do 

331 

Wilbur  J  McKee 

do 

Do 

332 

Rafael  Culvo  

....do... 

Tavabas  

Do 

333 

Florencio  Dequito  

do 

do  . 

Do 

334 

Lim  \  Baza 

do 

do 

Do 

335 

Manuel  A  vala  

....do... 

Camarines  Norte  

Do 

337 
338 

Rafael  Caivo  
Mariano  Onandia  
Paciano  Rizal  Mercado  

....do... 
....do... 
....do... 

Camarines  Sur  

*"%:::::::::::::::::::::::::: 

Do. 
Do. 
Do 

339 

Sil  vestre  Siping  

....do... 

do      .  .     . 

Do 

340 

do 

341 

do 

Levte 

342 
343 

Domingo  Lavin  

....do... 
do. 

Sarnar  
Camote  Island 

Cebu 

344 

Felix  Robles  de  la  Rama  

....do... 

Guimaras  Island  

Iloilo. 

345 

Jose  Diaz  Aguilar  

....do... 

Leyte  

346 

..do.. 

347 

Jose  V  Castellano 

do 

Do 

348 

Feliza  Viejo  

do... 

Tavabas  

Do. 

349 
350 

T.C.Manurl  

Mav  15 

do 

Nueva  Ecija  

Do. 

351 

John  H.  Carter  

....do... 

Zambales  

Do. 

352 

Patricio  Bailon  

May  16 

Do 

353 

do 

do 

Albav 

Do 

354 

Federicolgnasio  y  Pana  (Chino) 

May  17 

Tavabas  

Do. 

355 
356 

Celestino  Mercader  

Harry  M  Luresett 

—  do  .:. 

May  21 

Sorsogon  

Do. 

357 

A.  Iturri  <fc  R.  Manereu  &  Co.  .  . 

May  22 

Camarines  Norte  

Do. 

358 

Lorenzo  C.  Afable  

....do... 

Levte 

Do 

359 

do 

do 

Do 

360 

Eugenio  Diaz  

....do... 

do  

Do. 

361 

Benito  V.  Cervera  

do... 

Surigao    .     . 

362 

do 

do 

Do 

363 

J  \V  Winkelbach 

do 

364 

Francisco  Bavan  

May  28 

Bulacan  .        . 

Do. 

365 

.,  do     . 

366 

Miguel  Logarta  

....do... 

Levte  

Do. 

367 

Teodoro  Sandico  

Mav  29 

Nueva  Ecija  

Do. 

368 

Antonio  Saez        .          .  . 

do... 

Iloilo 

369 
370 

M.  Peypoch  &  Co  
Buenaventura  Ochangeo  

....do... 
May  31 

Tayabas  
Bulacan  

Luzon. 
Do. 

371 

Albert  D'Arcv  

do 

Principe 

Do 

372 

June    1 

Do 

373 

do 

Do 

374 

Cipriano  P.  Cruz  

do... 

Do. 

375 

do 

Manila 

376 

\Vm  Neill 

377 

Jose  Barrierro  

do... 

Do. 

378 

Natalio  Rullado 

do 

Do 

379 

do 

do 

Do 

Vicente  Puzon  

::::do::: 

do           .             .             ..  . 

Do. 

381 
382 

Francisco  Sanz  

....do... 
do 

Sibuyan  

Romblon. 

383 

Manuel  Palafox  

do... 

North  Ilocos  .                        

Do. 

384 

Eusebio  Ong  Tuaco                .  . 

Do. 

385 

do 

do 

Do 

386 

Marcelo  Barba  

June  11 

North  Ilocos  ... 

Do. 

387 

Pedro  L.  Valdez  

.  .  do... 

do 

Do. 

389 

Taciano  Delgado  
Melecio  Lexon  

....do... 
June  13 

Laguna  
do  

Do. 
Do. 

390 

Melquiades  Limpico  

do... 

do                        

Do. 

391 
392 
393 

M.JapSiooo  (Chinese)  ... 
Cayetano  de  Chinchilla  
do  

....do... 
June  17 
do... 

Romblon  
Neuva  Ecija  

Do. 
Do. 

394 

Domingo  Ferrer  

do 

Do. 

395 

do 

Do. 

3% 

do 

do                  «. 

Do 

397 

Cosme  du  Churruca,  agent.  .  .  . 

do... 

Levte  .*  

Do. 

Felisa  Viejo 

June  19 

Do. 

400 

Taciano  Delgado  

....do... 

Rizal  

Do. 

401 

Teodoro  Jatco  .  . 

do 

do        

Do. 

402 
403 

Felipe  Caharion  

....do... 
June  24 

Laguna  

Misamis 

Do. 

404 
405 

Tomas  Gomez  
Manuel  Arbona  .  .  . 

....do... 
....do... 

Leyte  

Bataan  .... 

Luzon. 

32          REPORT    OF   FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I. — Continued. 
FIREWOOD  LICENSES— Continued. 


No. 

Licensee. 

Date. 

Province. 

79 

1901. 
Jan.     9 

Iloilo. 

80 

do... 

Do. 

81 

do 

Do 

82 

do 

Do 

83 

....do... 

Gaga  van. 

84 

do 

Iloilo" 

85 

Jan    12 

Zambales 

86 

....do... 

Morong. 

87 

do 

88 

Jan    17 

Bataan 

89 

Jan    24 

90 

Jan.   17 

91 

do 

do 

92 

M  A  Clarke                      

Jan.   21 

Do. 

93 

Jan.   24 

Laguna. 

94 

John  F  Macleod                                                              

do 

Matti  Mindanao 

95 

do 

96 

John  J  Macleod 

do.. 

Matti. 

97 

Luis  Hidalgo 

Jan    25 

98 

do 

99 

W  N  Swarthout                      

Feb.   14 

Bataan. 

100 

Feb    15 

101 

do 

102 

...  do. 

Tavabas. 

103 

do 

104 

Felix  Estella  

....do... 

Zainbales. 

105 

do 

Iloilo,  Panav. 

106 

do 

Do 

107 

do 

Do 

108 

Mercer,  Nugent  &  Co  

do 

109 

Feb    18 

110 

Feb    21 

111 

Daniel  Coryell         

do 

112 

Feb    25 

113 

Jap  Siang  (Chinese)  

...  do... 

Pampanga. 

114 

Mariano  Noble  Jose  

do 

115 

do 

116 

Juan  de  la  Paz  

...  do.. 

Iloilo,  Panay. 

117 

118 

Isidore  del  Castillo  

Feb.  26 
do 

Batangas. 
Manila 

119 

Telesforo  Conception  

do   . 

Bulacan. 

120 

Severino  del  Castillo  . 

do 

121 

Mar     1 

122 

Julio  Bautista  

Mar     7 

Zambales. 

123 

Marcial  Estella 

do 

Do 

124 

Eulalio  Misa 

do 

Do 

125 

Lim-Ing-Chiat  

do 

Bataan. 

126 

do 

Masbate 

m 

Mariano  Mendoza  

do... 

Batangas. 

128 

Cristino  Javier  

Apr    12 

Pan.wisinan. 

129 

do 

Do 

ISO 

Luciano  Bermudes  

do... 

Do. 

131 

Valerio  Rua  .          

do 

Cavite. 

132 

do 

Bataan 

133 

Claro  Pascual  

do... 

Do. 

134 

Crispina  Guiambas  

do   . 

Do. 

135 

Ciriaco  Bautista 

do 

Do. 

136 

Marcelino  Aguirro  

do... 

Do. 

137 
138 

Inocencio  Ramos  

Santiago  Calixto 

...do... 
do 

Capiz. 

139 

Severo  Madrid  

...do... 

Sorsogon. 

140 
141 

P.  Lawton  Wightman  
Bartolomo  Tablante 

....do... 
Apr    13 

Laguna. 

142 

Protasio  Cuaderno  

Apr.  19 

Laguna. 

143 
144 

Federico  Kauffman  (agent)  

Apr.   22 
do 

Panay  Island. 
Bataan 

145 

Francisco  Urizar  

May  14 

Cagavan. 

146 

147 

Wilbur  J.  McLee  

Fidel  P.Sias 

do... 
do 

Morong. 

Pan  gasman. 

148 

Cesario  Oganiza  

....do... 

Do. 

149 
150 

Rafael  Cal  vo  
Mariano  Onandia 

....do... 
do 

Tayabas. 
Albav. 

15? 

Severino  Valeses  

....do... 

Bulacan. 

153 

Cornelio  Malibiran  

do... 

Bataan 

154 

Luis  Samson 

do 

Do. 

155 

do 

Do 

156 

Crescendo  Rebullada  

do... 

Do. 

157 

Canute  del  Castillo 

do 

Do. 

158 

Jos6  V.  Custellano  .  .  .  . 

....do... 

Zambales 

REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         33 

Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  /.—Continued. 
FIREWOOD  LICENSES— Continued. 


No. 

Licensee. 

Date. 

Province. 

159 
160 
161 
162 
163 
164 
165 
166 
167 
168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
173 
174 
175 
176 
177 
178 
179 
180 
181 
182 
183 
184 
185 
186 
187 
188 
189 
190 
191 
192 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 

Jos6  Diaz  Aguilar  

1901. 
Ma.^4 

Leyte. 
Morong. 
Tavabas. 
Tarlac. 
Tayabas. 
Do.  . 
Iloilo,  Panay. 
Camarines  Sur. 
Iloilo,  Panay. 
Samar. 
Zamboanga. 
Sorsogon. 
Albay. 
Sorsogon. 
Camarines  Norte. 
Masbate. 
Bulacan. 
Concepcion,  Iloilo. 
Tayabas. 
Bulacan. 
Do. 
Pampanga. 
Tayabas. 
Bataan. 
Laguna. 
Pampanga. 
Iloilo,  Panay. 
Bataan. 
Pangasinan. 
Tarlac. 
Leyte. 
Morong,  Rizal  Prov. 
Capiz,  Panay. 
Bataan. 
Morong,  Rizal  Prov. 
Pampanga. 
Laguna. 
Tayabas. 
Bataan. 
Do. 
Tayabas. 
Paragua. 
Do. 
Do. 
Morong,  Rizal  Prov. 
Iloilo. 
Do. 
Bataan. 
Pampanga. 
Do. 
Bataan. 

Felisa  Viejo 

do 

Justo  Garcia  

..    do 

Ong-Tingeo  

....do... 
do 

do 

Rafael  Calvo  

....do... 
do 

Felix  Robles  de  la  Rama 

do 

Juan  Jaldon  

do 

Patricio  Baylon  

do 

Mav  16 

do 

Celestino  Mercader  

May  17 
May  22 
May  28 
do... 

Ant.  Iturri  &  Ramon  Manueri  

Francisco  Bavan  

Antonio  Saiz  

Mav  29 
do... 
May  31 
June    1 
....do... 
do 

M.  Pevpoch  &  Co 

Pedro  Mageasi  

Cirilo  Manalota  
Gabriel  Cord  de  Cruz 

Luis  Sorriano  

....do... 

Jose  Barriero  

June    5 
dr. 

Elena  Brodeth  do... 

Flaviana  Cuninan  

....do... 
June  17 
....do... 

Evarista  Ortiz  

Cosme  de  Churrtica  (agent)  

....do... 

June  19 
June  24 
June  28 
July     3 
do... 

Florentina  Fria  

Engracio  Santiago  

Thomas  F.  Page  

....do... 
JU1  6 

Francisco  Garcia  Vergara 

Buenaventura  Banzon  

do... 

Ramon  Lagdameo  

July    8 
Julv  10 
....do... 
....do... 
July  12 
July  13 
....do... 
do 

Frank  S.  Bourns 

Benito  Legarda  

Demetrio  Juason  

Jose  Grialte 

A.M.  Eaton,  jr  

do  :  

Francisco  Brillante  .     . 

July  15 
....do... 
do 

Apolonio  Banuelos  

Dominga  Salandanan  

DYEWOOD  LICENSES. 


No. 

Licenses. 

Date. 

Location. 

Province. 

1 
2 

Siponzo  
Frias  y  Ca  

1901. 
Jan.     1 
Jan.   24 

Panay  
.  ...do  

Iloilo. 
Do. 

3 

4 

John  T.  Macleod  

do 

....do... 
do 

Mindanao  
do                                   

Matti. 
Do. 

5 

do 

do 

Zamboanga. 

6 

7 

Jose  Tulueta  
Clemente  Tarate 

Feb.  15 
do 

Panav  
do                    

Iloilo. 
Do. 

8 

Dan'l  Coryell  

Feb.  21 

Ticao  Island  

Masbate. 

9 

Feb    25 

Iloilo. 

10 

Mar     7 

Do. 

11 

John  H  Carter 

Mav  15 

Zambales. 

12 
1 

Tusto  Porcuria  
A  M  Eaton  ir 

June  26 
Julv  13 

do  

Tayabas. 
Iloilo. 

2 

do 

Do. 

. 

11064—01- 


34          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 


Licenses  granted  by  the  forestry  bureau,  Manila,  P.  I. — Continued. 

LICENSES  FOR  RUBBER,  GUMS,  GUTTA-PERCHA,  ETC. 


No. 

License. 

Date. 

Location. 

Province. 

1 

1900. 
Aug     1 

Sibuyan  Island  

2 

Masbate  Island 

Masbate 

3 

Aug    21 

4 

Sept.    5 

Masbate  

Masbate. 

5 

do 

do 

Cicao  Island  

Do 

6 

do 

do 

Do 

7 

Sept.  15 

Cagayan  

8 

representative  of  the  "Cam- 
pania Gral  de  Tabacosde  Fili- 
pinas." 

Sept.  19 

Tayabas  

Do 

9 
10 

Matute  Hermanos  

Sept.  27 
do 

Davao  

do 

Mindanao. 
Do 

11 

Oct.     1 

Tayabas  

12 

Nov     6 

..  do 

Do 

13 
14 

Victoriano  L.  Evangelista  

Nov.  26 
do... 

do  , 
do  

Do. 
Do 

15 

do. 

Masbate  Island 

Masbate 

16 

Vicente  Camara  

Dec.     1 

Zambales  

Luzon. 

17 

Jose  Caballero 

...do  ... 

Romblon  

18 

Antonio  Correa  v  Pamar  (agent) 

1901. 
Jan.     9 

Tayabas  

Luzon. 

19 

Jan.   17 

.....do  

Do. 

20 

do   .. 

21 

John  Macleod  

Jan.   24 

Malti  

Mindanao. 

22 

John  Macleod  

...do... 

do  

Do. 

23 

do 

Do 

24 

Luis.Hidalgo  

Jan.  25 

Cagavan  

Luzon. 

25 

Chicote  y  Sanchez  y  Ca  

Feb.  19 

Davao  

Mindanao. 

26 

Apr    12 

Zambales 

27 

Gregorio  Banilla  

...do... 

Tayabas  

Do. 

28 

Mav  14 

Do. 

29 

Rafael  Calvo 

do 

Do 

30 

do  

...do... 

South  Camarines  

Do. 

31 

Mariano  Onandia  

do   . 

Albay 

Do. 

32 
33 

Juan  Jaldon  
J.  W.  Winkelback  

...do... 
Mav  22 

Zamboanga  
Davao  

Mindanao. 
Do. 

34 

Melchor  Castejon  

May  28 

Tablas 

35 

Do 

36 

M.  Pevpoch  y  Ca  

June  11 

Tayabas  

Luzon. 

37 

June  17 

Leyte 

Leyte 

38 

June  26 

1 

Tomas  Blanco  — 

July  13 

Masbate  Island... 

Masbate. 

GRATUITOUS  LICENSE. 


1 

Tomas  Ganara  

1900. 
Oct.    12 

Luzon  

Tarlac. 

2 

Silvinolsla  

Oct.    27 

..      do 

Do. 

3 

Nov     3 

do 

Do 

4 

Cosme  Lasmarias  

Nov.  21 

....do.... 

Union. 

5 
6 

Leoncio  Paras  

Nov.  23 
Dec    28 

do  

do 

Tarlac. 
Do 

7 

Lieut.  L.  H.  Rand  

1901. 
Jan      9 

do 

8 

Captain  Tianza 

do 

do 

9 

Peter  Buckley  

do  ... 

do  

Do. 

10 
11 

John  F.  Reaves  

Sergeant  Miller,  Signal  Corps.. 

....do... 
Jan.   22 

do  
do  

Do. 
Cagayan. 

12 

Lieut.  Basil  O.  Lenoir  

Feb.     1 

do  

13 
14 

Padre  Patricio  Calderon  
Lieut.  W.  H.  H.  Chapman  

Feb.  27 
Apr.     8 

do  
do  

Manila. 
Ilocos  Norte. 

15 
16 

17 

Lieut.  Robert  E.  Brooks  
Maj.W.N.  Wotherspoon  
Lieutenant  Stickle 

Apr.  19 
Apr.  23 
May  14 

do  

Pan  de  Azucar  

Zambales. 
Iloilo. 
Nueva  Ecija 

18 

Capt.  I.  P.  O'Neil  

do... 

...  do    . 

Zambales. 

19 

Presidente  municipal  of  Cama- 

do 

Cagayan. 

20 

laniugan. 
Nicolas  Marzal 

June  10 

do 

21 

Bonifacia  Reyes  

do 

do 

Do. 

22 
23 

Colonel  McCaskey  

June  18 
June  19 

....do  
do 

Ilocos  Norte. 

24 

Gregorio  P.  Antonio  , 

do 

do 

Do. 

25 
26 

Phelps  Whitmarsh  

June  20 
June  21 

....do  

do                         . 

Benguet. 

27 
28 

cada. 
Capt.  H.  L.  Draper  

do 

June  27 
do 

....do.... 
do 

Hainan. 

29 
30 

Presidente  municipal  of  Pam- 
plona. 
Alcalde  municipal  of  Dagupan 

June  29 
....do... 

Pamplona  
Luzon  

Cagayan. 
Pangasinan, 

EEPOET    OF    FOEESTEY    BUEEAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         35 


GENERAL  ORDERS,  1      OFFICE  U.  S.  MILITARY  GOVERNOR,  PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS, 

No.  92.  j  Manila,  P.  I.,  June  27,  1900. 

The  following  provisions  based  on  existing  law,  and  amendatory  thereto,  prescribing 
the  tariff  on  State  timber,  and  regulations  for  the  utilization  of  forest  products  in  the 
public  forests  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  shall  have  the  force  and  effect  of  law  on  and 
after  July  1,  1900;  but  existing  law  on  the  same  subjects  shall  remain  valid,  except 
in  so  far  as  herein  modified  or  repealed,  expressly,  or  by  necessary  implication. 

CHAPTER  I. — Tariff  on  State  timber  and  instructions  for  its  application. 

ARTICLE  1 .  Timber  shall  be  classified  into  six  groups  as  indicated  in  the  tables  below. 

ART.  2.  The  unit  of  measure  shall  be,  for  the  present,  the  cubic  foot.  It  is  recom- 
mended that  lumber  dealers  accustom  their  employees  to  the  use  of  the  metric  system. 

ART.  3.  The  price  per  cubic  foot  for  the  valuation  of  State  timber  shall  be  as  indi- 
cated in  the  following  table.  The  price  shall  be  the  same  in  all  parts  of  these  islands: 

[Cents  per  cubic  foot.] 

Superior  group 14 

First  group 10 

Second  group .' 8 

Third  group 3 

Fourth  group 2 

Fifth  group 1 

ART.  4.  The  State  sells  its  trees  standing,  excluding  the  bark  in  measuring  the  tree. 

ART.  5.  Inasmuch  as  the  measurement  of  standing  timber  can  not  always  be  made, 
for  lack  of  available  forestry  employees,  the  concessioners  may  stack  the  timber 
hewn  or  cut  up,  subject  to  the  additional  charges  hereinafter  provided. 

ART.  6.  In  round  timber  the  length  of  the  piece  and  the  circumference  in  the 
middle  section  shall  be  measured. 

ART.  7.  When  the  logs  are  presented  rough  hewn— i.  e.,  where  a  section  is  approxi- 
mately octagonal  (four  sides  being  hewn  and  the  other  four  with  the  bark  on)— the 
dimensions  shall  be  taken  by  measuring  the  length  and  average  transverse  section, 
but  said  section  shall  be  a  quadrilateral,  formed  by  prolonging  the  four  larger  sides— 
i.  e.,  the  four  hewn  sides. 

ART.  8.  If  the  logs  be  hewn  square,  the  contents  shall  be  ascertained  by  measuring 
the  length  and  an  average  transverse  section,  but  in  such  cases  the  valuation  shall 
be  increased  25  per  cent  for  the  wood  lost  in  hewing  the  tree  square. 

ART.  9.  The  cubic  contents  of  sawed  timber  shall  be  ascertained  as  in  the  preceding 
article,  carrying  out  the  figures  to  tenths  of  a  cubic  "point;"  but  the  increase  in 
valuation  (to  make  up  for  loss  in  the  sawing)  shall  be  limited  to  15  per  cent. 

ART.  10.  Wood  of  the  Camagon  tree,  when  presented  stripped  of  its  inner  bark  or 
surplusage,  using  only  the  heart  wood,  as  is  the  custom  of  the  trade,  shall  be  meas- 
ured according  to  the  cubic  contents  actually  presented,  but  the  valuation  shall  be 
increased  100  per  cent. 

ART.  11.  Logs  of  ebony  trimmed  down  in  like  manner  to  the  black  hard  wood 
shall  be  measured  according  to  the  cubic  contents  actually  presented,  as  in  the 
preceding  case,  but  the  valuation  shall  be  increased  200  per  cent. 

ART.  12.  The  woods  of  groups  3, 4,  and  5  only  may  be  cut  for  fuel. 

ART.  13.  Classification  of  woods  as  per  first  article: 

I.  SUPERIOR  GROUP. 


No. 

Popular  names. 

Scientific  names. 

1 

Calantas 

Cedrela  Toona  Roxb. 

2 

Diospyros  discolor  Willd. 

3 

Dungon  

Heritiera  silvatica  Vidal. 

4 
5 

Ebano  

Ipil 

Maba  buxifolia  Pers. 
Afzelia  bijuga  A.  Gray. 

6 

Xanthostemon  Verdugonianus,  Naves. 

7 

Molave  

Vitex  altissima  Li. 

8 

Narra                  -    .                                                 

Pterocarpus  indicus  Willd. 

9 

Teca 

Tectona  grandis  Li. 

10 

Tindalo  

Afzelia  rhomboidea  Vidal. 

11 
12 

Yacal  

Hopea  plagata  Vidal. 
Fragraea  fragans  Roxb. 

36          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

II.  FIRST  GROUP. 


No. 

Popular  names. 

Scientific  names. 

1 

Acle 

Pithecolobium  acle  Vidal 

2 

3 

(Mnnamomum  camphoratum,  Bl. 

4 

Diospiros. 

.5 

{j 

Baticuling                                                        

Litsea  Perrottetii.B.el  H. 

g 

9 

10 

Betis         .'  

Azaola  betis,  Blanco. 

11 

Murrava  exotica  Li 

Cubi 

13 

Garcinia. 

14 

Wriglitia  ovata,  A.  D.  C. 

15 

Malatapav 

16 

17 

Ginosporia. 

III.  SECOND  GROUP. 


1 

Casuarina  sequisetifolia,  Li. 

2 

3 

Alpav 

4 

N\>l>h(>linm  loimaiia   Cams. 

5 
6 

Amuguis  1st  

Odina  speciosa,  Bl. 

7 

Banaba  

Latrrrstrarmia   Flos  Retinae   Ret. 

8 
9 

Banitan  

Xvlopia  Blancoi,  Xal. 
Alstonia  macrophvlla  Willd 

10 

Bavuco  2d  

Artocarpus. 

11 

12 

Bahuyo  

Bilolo 

Albizzia. 

13 

14 
15 

Calirnantao  

Evodia. 

16 

Cana  fistula      

Cassia  fistula,  Li. 

17 

18 

Dolitan  

I'alaqnium. 

19 
20 

Dungon-late  
Guijo 

Heriticra  littoralis,  Drians. 

21 

Guipato  

22 
23 

Guisihan  

Ratonia  montana,  Bt.  et  Hook. 

24 

Macaasin  

Eugenia. 

25 

Glirisidia  maculata,  B.  A.  H. 

26 

Myristica. 

27 

Malacapon  

28 

Dillenia  Reiffercheidia,  Fer.  V. 

29 

Malaruhat 

30 

Mangachapuv  

Shorea  Mangachapuy,  Bl. 

31 

Shorea. 

32 

33 

Marang  

Artocarpus. 

34 

Premna  nauseosa,  Blanco. 

35 

36 

Nato  

Sterculia. 

37 

Quercus  Blaucoy,  A.  D.  C. 

38 

Paitan 

39 

Palayen  

Quercus. 

40 

Palo  Maria 

Calopyllum  inophyllum,  Li. 

41 

Pasac 

42 

43 

Romero  . 

Podocarpus  costalis,  Presl. 

44 

Sirique 

45 

Supa  

Sindora  WallicMi,  Benth. 

46 

Tangriile  

Shorea  Talura,  Roxb. 

47 

Biscofia  Javanica,  Bl. 

48 

Tucan-calao  

Sterculia. 

IV.  THIRD  GROUP. 


1 

Abilo 

2 

Alagao  

Premna  vestila,  Schaner. 

3 

4 

Albizzia 

6 

Anagap  

Pithecolobium  labatum,  Benth. 

6 

Albizzia  procera,  B. 

7 

Anobling  .  .  . 

Talauma  Angatensis.  Vidal. 

REPORT    OF   FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         37 

IV.  THIRD  GROUP— Continued. 


No. 

8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 

70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 

Popular  names. 

Scientific  names. 

Cordia  mixa,  Li. 
Ochna  fascicularis,  Bl. 
Dipterocarpus  grandiflorus,  Bl. 
Nauclea. 
Terminalia. 
Sisygium. 
Ormosia  calavensis,  Bl. 
Buchanania  florida,  Schaner. 
Diplodiscus  paniculatus,  Turcz. 
Aleurites  trisperma,  Bl. 
Xilopia  blancoi,  Xal. 
Wrightia. 
Litsea. 
Psidium  guyabas,  Li. 
Pterospermum  acerifolium,  Willd. 
Callophillum. 
Zizygium. 
Terminalia  edulis,  Bl. 
Pithecolobium  dulce,  Benth. 
Antidesma. 
Diospiros. 
Parkia  Roxburghii,  G.  Don. 
Shorea. 
Terminalia. 
Grewia  multiflora.,  Fuss. 
Dracontomelum. 
Eugenia. 
Alstonia  scholaris,  Li. 
Zizyphus. 
Myristica  Fatua,  Hoult. 
Agathis  lorantifolia,  Sabist. 
Garcinia. 
Cratoxylon  floribundum,  F.Will. 
Dipttrocarpus  pilosus,  Roxb. 
Anisoptera  Thurifera,  Bl. 
Cumingia  philippinensis,  Vidal. 
Citrus. 
Aleuritis  Trisperma,  Bl. 
Terminalia. 
Terminalia. 
Dipterocarpus. 
Gardenia  pseudopsidium,  F.  Villar. 
Myristica. 
Palaquin. 
Eugenia. 
Pittosporum  Fernandezii,  Vidal. 
Stephegyne  diversifolia,  Hook. 
Magifera  indica,  Gaertu. 
Samadera  indica,  Gaertu. 
? 
Dipterocarpus. 
Sonneratia  acida,  Li. 
Canarium  Cumingii,  Engl. 
Shorea. 
Mangifera  altissima,  Blanco. 
Canarium  ovatum,  Engl. 
Dipterocarpus  hispidus,  F.  Villar. 
Litsea  Garciae,  Vidal. 
Sizygium. 
Bridelia. 
Terminalia  sumatrana,  Mig. 
Pinus  insularis,  Endl. 
Tamarindus  indicus,  Li. 
Carapa  moluccensis,  Lam. 
Terminalia  Catappa,  Li. 
Pinus  Mercusii,  Jungh. 

Morinda  umbellata,  Li. 

Anatan  

Baguilumboy  

Bahav             

Balinhasay 

Balobo  

Balucanat  

Banitan 

Batete 

Batobato  

Bitoc  

Dalindigan  ... 

Dalinsi 

Dao  

Dinglas             

Ditaa                     \. 

Duclap  

Gatasan  

Hagadhad 

Lauan  

Libato    

Lunbang  

Magarapale  

Malabayabas  ... 

Malacadios 

Malasaguin  puti  

Manga  

Matabao 

Mayapis  

Pagatpat  

Palosapis  

Paho  

Pili 

Pipi  

Pulanbalat  . 

Sacat  

Saleng     

Sampoloc 

Tabigui  

Talisay  

Tunbon  aso  

V.   FOURTH  GROUP. 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

Ficus  pungens,  Reinw. 
Chisocheton  sp. 
Dracontomelum. 
Ficus  asparata,  Bl. 
Pigeum  Maingayi,  Hook. 
Melodorum  fulgens,  H.  A.  T. 
Buchanania  nitida,  Engl. 
Columbia  anilao,  Bll. 
Acacia  farnesiana  L. 
Phyllanthus  sp. 

Alauihao  

Alasas                                                         

Asactalong  

160275 


38          EEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 
V.  FOURTH  GROUP— Continued. 


No. 

Popular  names. 

Scientific  names. 

11 

Asia                                                          

Ficus  heterophylla  L. 

12 

Ata-ata 

13 

14 

15 

Melia  duvia  Cav 

16 

17 

18 

19 

Bait 

20 

21 

Balasabis                                           

2& 

24 

Balibago                             

Hibiscus  tiliaceus,  L. 

25 

26 

27 

Baloc                          

Sapindus  sp. 

28 

30 

Balubat  

Anacardium  sp. 

31 

Balucot                           

Garcinia  Cowa  Roxb 

33 

Banaguling  

34 

Banalo                   

35 

Mullotus  philippinensis  Muller 

36 

37 

Bancudo  or  Nino  

38 

39 

Bang-got  

40 

Bam     

41 

Batingui 

42 

Barinconcoron  

43 

Barusa  

44 

45 

Batican 

46 

Bating  

47 

Batsan 

48 

Bausio  

49 

Bayac-usa  •.  

50 

Bayit 

51 

Biga 

52 

Bigas  •.  

53 

Bignay 

54 

Bignay-calabao  

Antidesma  chaesembilla,  Goertn. 

55 

Bilaun  

56 

57 

Binayuyo  

Antidesma  cumingii,  Mull. 

58 

Binting-dalaga  

59 

60 

61 

Bogo  

62 

Boto-buti 

63 

64 

Bubuy  

65 

66 

67 

Cacao-cacauan  

68 

69 

Calay                                           

XVlopia 

70 

Caliang-tang  

Leea  Sambucina,  Willd. 

71 

Caloc-catmo 

Vidalia  sp 

72 

73 

Cami-oi  

74 

Canomay  . 

75 

Caraol 

76 

Caropsan  

Linociera  luzonica,  Bl. 

77 

Carumanpat  .  .  . 

78 

Caturay 

79 

Cugao  

80 

Culin-manog  

Canthium  Mite  Benth 

81 

Culis  

Memecvlon  edule,  Roxb. 

82 

Cuyaquia  

Cuyas-cuyas  

84 

Daluroy  . 

85 

Dangle 

86 

Daniri  

87 

Danloy... 

88 

89 

Dapdap  

90 

Dila-dila         .... 

91 

92 

Dondonay  

93 

Duca  

Dittelasma  sp. 

KEPOKT    OF    FORESTEY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          39 
V.  FOURTH  GROUP— Continued. 


No. 

Popular  names. 

Scientific  names. 

94 
95 
% 
97 
98 
99 
100 
101 
102 
103 
104 
105 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 
117 
118 
119 
120 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 
132 
133 
134 
135 
136 
137 
138 
139 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
146 
147 
148 
149 
150 
151 
152 
153 
154 
155 
156 
157 
158 
159 
160 
161 
162 
163 
164 
165 
166 
167 
168 
169 
170 
171 
172 
173 
174 
175 
176 

Excrecaria  agallocha,  Mull. 
Eleocarpus  sp. 

Clausena  sp. 
Dracontomelum  mangiferum,  Bl. 

Eugenia  sp. 

Semecarpus  anacardium,  Li. 
Eugenia  sp. 
Ficus  launfolia,  Bl. 
Lunasia  amara,  Bl. 
Gonocarum  tarlacense,  Vid. 

Stereospermum  sp. 

Aritera  rufescens,  Radlk. 
Cyclostemon  sp. 
Litsea  sp. 

Hibiscus  sp. 
Iteadaphne  confusa,  Bl. 
Bombax  malabaricum,  D.  C. 
Talauma. 
Beddomea  luzoniensis,  Vid. 
Hemegyrosa  deflcienis,  Bed. 
Cletra  canescens,  Rauiro. 

Phvllanthus  sp. 
Celtis  philippinensis,  Bl. 
Mallotus  sp. 

Sapindus  Turczadinowii,  Vid. 
Polyscia  Cumingiana,  Pers. 

Vernonia  arborea,  Ham. 
Cinnamomum  sp. 
Sandoricum  borneense,  Mig. 
Canarium  sp. 
Albizzia  sp. 
Sizygium  sp. 
Barnngtoma  sp. 

Albizzia  julibrisin,  Durog. 

Mangifera. 
Acalipha  sp. 
Canthium. 
Tabernaemontana  coronaria,  Br. 
Wornia  sp. 

Engelhardtia  sp. 
Gomphia  angustifolia,  Vabl. 
Ceriops  candollanea,  Arm. 
Nelistris  sp. 

Barringtonia  racemosa,  Bl. 
Ardisia  sp. 

Cupania  sp. 
Aglaia  sp. 

Plectronia  sp. 
Gardenia  pseudopsidium,  F.  Will. 

Himbabao  

Kugao            

Lamio  

Libas 

Ligaa 

Ligas            

Lipote 

Llapa 

Maata  

Maga 

Maguilic 

Malaaduas 

Malabago  

Malabulac 

Malacacao  

Malacna  

Malaga-api.  . 

Malaga-itiman 

Malaiba  

Malaicmo  

Malang-dalaga  

Malapalitpit  

Malasantol 

Malatagon  .  .  . 

Malatigui 

Malatubic 

Malauban  

Malibog  

Matobato  

Nanagdong  

Paihot  

Palang                                                           

Pandacaqui  

Pangilinon  

Pingol  

Postalagon  

Pototan                             .                                          .... 

Purav  

Putad  

Quio 

Rubian  

Safab 

Salasic  

Sipit-cait 

Subo-subo 

Sulipa                                                              

Supi                                                                             

Surug  .... 

40          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 
V.  FOURTH  GROUP— Continued. 


No. 

Popular  names. 

Scientific  names. 

177 

Gardenia  pseudopsidium  F  Will 

178 

Tabaldo 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 

Talio 

185 

Tambis 

186 

Kleinhovia  hospita,  L. 

187 

188 

189 

190 

Tical 

191 

192 

193 

194 

195 

Tingcal           

Agleia  sp. 

196 

197 

Terstroemia  Llanosii  Vid 

198 

Tua        

Delichandrone  Rheedii,  L. 

199 

200 

Uban 

VI.  FIFTH  GROUP. 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 

14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 

29 
30 
31 
32 
33 

Rhizophora  conyugata,  L. 
Bruguiera  Caryophylloides,  Bl. 
Kandelia  Rheedii,  W.  et  A. 
Avicennia  officinalis,  L. 
Bruguiera  eriopetala,  Wilz. 
Lumnitzera  racemosa,  Willd. 
Bruguiera  parviflora,  Wetk. 
Lumnitzera  Coccinea,  W.  et  A. 
Cumingii  philippinensis,  Vid. 
Sevpluphora  hidrophvlla,  Goertn. 
Cenosp  Roxburhiana,  A. 
Rhizophora  mucronata,  Lam. 
-iEgiceras  majus,  Goertn. 

Livingstona  rotundifolia,  Mart. 
Areca  Nibung,  Mart. 
Licuala  sp. 
Corvpha  *p. 
Wailichia. 
Orania. 
Areca  catechu,  L. 
Arenga  saccarifera,  Lab. 
Wailichia  sp. 
Caryota  sp. 
Iguanura. 
Areca  sp. 
Licuala  elegans,  Mart. 
Bentinchia  sp. 
Areca   alba    Rumph.  var.  genocarpa, 
Kumth. 
Caryota  urens,  L. 

Cocos  sp. 
Caryota  Rumphiana,  Mart. 

Bacauan  

Biuas  

Calibayoan  

Culasi  

Libato-pula  

Libato-puti 

Nilad 

Tagasa  

Tangal 

Tingan-baquis  

PALMAS. 

Anahao  

Anibong  

Balatbat 

Balon-luyon  

Banga  .  . 

Bonga  

Cauon  

Dumavaca  

Lum  iac  

Macasilad  

Palindan  

Pinag 

Pugahan  

Saguisi 

Tamis-san  

Taquipan  

Tibanglang 

New  species  added  to  above  list  as  investigation  continues.    A  total  of  665  species  now  on  list. 
CHAPTER  II.  —  The  utilization  of  timber  in  the  State  forests. 

ART.  14.  One  year  from  the  date  of  license  shall  be  allowed  for  the  felling  and 
removal  of  timber.  When  the  time  allowed  is  not  sufficient  to  admit  of  this,  an 
application  for  a  new  license  must  be  made  within  such  time  as  will  admit  the  issu- 
ing of  the  same  before  the  expiration  of  the  legal  lim.it  of  the  old  license. 

AST.  15.  Felled  timber  shall  be  piled  in  cleared  places  in  such  a  manner  that  meas- 


ements may  be  readily  ascertained. 

ART.  16.  The  concessioner  shall  advise  the  chief  of 


the  forest  section  of  the  time 


EEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         41 

the  cutting  will  commence,  shall  state  in  what  jurisdiction  it  will  be  effected,  the 
places  where  the  timber  will  be  piled,  and  the  names  and  residences  of  his  repre- 
sentatives. 

ART.  17.  No  concessioner  holding  a  license  for  the  ordinary  cutting  of  wood  shall 
be  allowed  to  act  at  the  same  time  for  a  concessioner  holding  a  gratuitous  license. 

ART.  18.  The  concessioner  having  cut  the  wood,  shall  be  held  responsible  by  the 
State  for  its  value  as  per  official  tariff.  If,  at  the  expiration  of  the  time  of  his  license, 
he  has  not  taken  the  timber  out  of  the  forest,  in  addition  to  its  value  he  will  be  held 
responsible  for  any  damages  which  may  have  resulted  to  be  estimated  and  approved 
by  the  forestry  official  of  the  district. 

"ART.  19.  The  carrier  of  sawed  lumber,  transporting  same  from  lumber  yards  or 
private  warehouses,  must  be  provided  with  a  receipt,  signed  by  the  owner  of  the 
establishment  from  which  it  came,  showing  in  detail  the  number  and  classes  of  the 
pieces.  These  receipts  will  be  shown  to  the  forestry  officials  when  asked  for,  in 
order  to  show  where  the  lumber  came  from  and  avoid  confusing  same  with  products 
which  are  carried  direct  from  the  public  forests. 

ART.  20.  Constructors  of  vessels  shall  procure  licenses  and  pay  the  value  of  the 
timber  used,  and  must  furnish  the  local  forest  official  with  a  statement  of  the  timber 
cut,  which  statement  said  official  verifies. 

ART.  21.  After  inspection  and  valuation  of  timber  is  made,  the  order  of  payment 
is  given,  and  after  said  payment  is  made  and  receipt  shown  the  concessioner  is  free 
to  use  the  timber. 

ART.  22.  No  vessel,  whatever  its  size,  built  of  timber  from  the  public  forests  can 
put  to  sea  without  having  paid  for  the  timber  used,  except  as  provided  in  the  regula- 
tions governing  the  gratuitous  use  of  timber. 

ART.  23.  1.  Owners  of  mining  concessions  must  pay  an  annual  rent  or  tax  for  the- 
ground  so  occupied,  which  tax  shall  be  regulated  by  the  greater  or  less  adaptability 
of  the  ground  to  the  purposes  of  forest  or  agricultural  cultivation.  A  bond  of  suffi- 
cient amount  shall  also  be  required  to  cover  any  damage  which  may  happen  to  the 
trees  or  forest  products  from  said  mining  operations,  the  conditions  to  be  fixed  by 
this  office,  after  due  notice. 

2.  Owners  of  mining  concessions,  or  their  legal  representatives,  shall  procure  from 
this  office  a  license  before  utilizing  state  timber  in  their  mining  operations. 

3.  Applications  for  said  licenses  shall  be  forwarded  through  the  mining  bureau,  in 
which  application  shall  be  described  the  mining  concessions  they  possess  or  repre- 
sent, the  forest  or  forests  in  which  the  timber  is  to  be  cut,  the  kinds  of  woods 
desired,  and  the  approximate  quantity;  also  the  uses  to  which  the  timber  is  to- 
be  put. 

ART.  24.  1.  Those  who  may  desire  to  engage  in  the  business  of  burning  charcoal 
in  the  public  forests  shall  comply  with  the  forestry  regulations  in  everything  which 
relates  to  the  utilixation  of  the  forest  products,  and  must  provide  themselves  with 
the  necessary  licenses. 

2.  After  felling  trees,  and  before  commencing  the  process  of  burning  for  charcoal, 
the  party  interested  shall  present  to  the  local  forestry  official  an  itemized  statement 
of  the  timber  felled,  which  will  be  verified  and  valued  by  that  official,  who  will  give 
the  order  of  payment.  After  payment  the  party  is  at  liberty  to  proceed  with  the 
burning,  exercising  care  to  do  so  at  a  sufficient  distance  from  standing  timber  so  as 
not  to  cause  damage,  and  he  shall  be  held  responsible  for  any  damage  so  caused. 

ART.  25.  Concessioners  shall  notify  the  local  forestry  official,  or  in  his  absence  the 
president  of  the  respective  town,  where  the  wood  is  being  piled.  Upon  failure  to  do 
as  prescribed  a  penalty  will  be  incurred  of  25  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  wood. 

ART.  26.  Constructors  of  vessels  and  charcoal  burners  who  fraudulently  report  to 
the  forestry  official  the  number  of  pieces  of  wood  cut  will  pay,  in  addition  to  th& 
value  of  the  excess,  a  fine  of  25  per  cent  of  its  value. 

CHAPTER  III. — The  gratuitous  me  of  state  timber. 

ART.  27.  1.  Licenses  for  the  free  use  of  timber  shall  be  issued  without  charge  by 
this  office. 

2.  Said  licenses  shall  be  issued  to  needy  residents  of  towns  upon  application,  to 
which  application  shall  be  attached  a  certificate,  signed  by  the  president  or  alcalde 
of  the  town,  stating  the  circumstances  and  actual  need  in  each  particular  case.     No 
charge  shall  be  made  for  this  certificate. 

3.  Said  timber  must  be  used  exclusively  in  the  construction  of  houses  in  which 
the  parties  making  application  are  going  to  live  or  have  place  of  business  or  for 
repair  of  same,  for  the  manufacture  of  their  implements  of  industry,  in  the  construc- 
tion of  one  or  two  bancas  for  the  purpose  of  fishing  or  for  the  transportation  of  their 
agricultural  products. 


42          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

4.  The  amount  of  timber  thus  conceded  to  needy  residents  by  gratuitous  license 
-shall  not  exceed  1,000  cubic  feet. 

ART.  28.  Tree  species  of  the  superior  and  first  groups,  as  laid  down  in  the  official 
tariff  on  state  timber,  are  not  to  be  cut  under  a  gratuitous  license. 

ART.  29.  Timber  for  the  construction  of  bridges,  government  buildings,  and  other 
works  of  a  public  character  undertaken  by  the  government  may  be  obtained  by 
.gratuitous  license  issued  by  this  office,  application  being  made  by  the  proper  official. 

ART.  30.  Needy  residents,  and  those  persons  in  charge  of  the  construction  of  pub- 
lic works,  desiring  licenses  for  the  gratuitous  use  of  State  timber,  shall  send  their 
applications,  with  other  documents,  to  the  chief  forestry  official  of  the  district  or 
section,  and  in  case  there  is  no  such  official  available,  to  the  district  commander, 
who  will  forward  same  with  the  necessary  indorsements  to  this  office. 

ART.  31.  When  the  work  referred  to  in  article  29  is  done  by  contract  the  con- 
tractor must  procure  an  ordinary  license  and  comply  with  all  the  requirements  of 
rgame. 

ART.  32.  Six  months  from  date  of  license  shall  be  allowed  needy  residents  in 
which  to  fell  and  remove  said  timber.  One  year  from  date  of  license  for  such  pur- 
pose shall  be  allowed  persons  engaged  in  the  construction  of  public  works.  When 
there  is  not  sufficient  time  in  which  to  finish  said  work,  a  new  license  should  be 
solicited,  in  time  so  that  it  may  be  issued  before  the  expiration  of  the  old  license. 

ART.  33.  There  shall  be  attached  to  applications  for  gratuitous  licenses  to  cut  tim- 
ber for  public  works  a  statement  of  the  number  of  pieces,  classes,  and  dimensions  of 
the  wood  required. 

ART.  34.  A  concessioner  shall  notify  the  chief  forestry  official  of  the  respective 
section,  of  the  time  and  place  of  cutting,  and  where  the  timber  is  to  be  stacked,  and 
the  location  of  the  public  works  for  which  the  timber  was  granted. 

ART.  35.  A  gratuitous  license  shall  not  be  issued  to  timber  dealers  nor  to  those 
holding  an  ordinary  license. 

ART.  36.  The  concessioner,  after  cutting  is  finished,  shall  notify  in  writing  the 
chief  of  the  forest  section,  inclosing  a  statement  of  the  timber  cut'. 

ART.  37.  Timber  can  not  be  taken  out  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  town  where  cut 
unless  accompanied  by  a  manifest  authenticated  by  the  local  forestry  official,  or  in 
his  absence  by  the  president  of  the  town  (no  charge  shall  be  made  for  this  authenti- 
•cation).  The  concessioner  shall,  as  per  foregoing  article,  remit  this  manifest  to  the 
forestry  official  of  the  section  after  said  timber  has  arrived  at  the  location  of  above- 
mentioned  public  works.  Said  timber  shall  be  detained  in  case  of  failure  to  show  a 
proper  manifest,  and,  in  addition,  a  fine  of  from  1  to  5  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the 
wood  so  detained  shall  be  imposed. 

ART.  38.  The  chief  forestry  official  of  the  forest  section  or  the  ranger  of  the  pre- 
cinct shall  see  that  the  cutting  is  carried  on  in  conformity  with  these  regulations  and 
terms  of  license.  He  shall  compare  the  statements  received  from  the  concessioner 
and  inspect  and  measure  the  wood  piled  or  used  in  said  public  works. 

ART.  39.  The  concessioner  shall  be  considered,  as  per  article  30  of  these  regula- 
tions, as  an  appointee  of  the  district  commander  or  other  competent  authority,  and 
also  as  his  representative  in  the  execution  of  said  public  work,  and  shall  be  held  per- 
sonally responsible  for  any  violation  of  these  regulations. 

ART.  40.  The  concessioner  is  prohibited  from  giving  away  or  selling  a  single  piece 
of  wood  cut  under  this  form  of  license,  not  even  under  the  pretext  that  it  is  surplus 
wood.  The  wood  must  be  used  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  granted,  and  should 
there  be  any  surplus  said  surplus  shall  be  deposited  in  the  presidencia  of  the  town 
at  the  order  of  the  chief  of  the  forest  section,  who  will  immediately  arrange  for  its 
sale  at  public  auction.  In  such  a  case  the  concessioner  shall  have  no  right  to 
indemnity  of  any  character,  not  even  for  expense  of  felling,  hewing,  or  transporta- 
tion, etc. 

ART.  41.  Should  any  person  with  a  proper  license  for  cutting  timber  for  his  per- 
sonal and  exclusive  use  or  for  public  work  cut  a  greater  quantity  than  is  allowed  in 
said  license,  or  takes  different  classes  from  those  specified,  or  applies  them  to  a  dif- 
ferent object  than  that  stated  by  the  concessioner,  or  speculates  in  them,  shall  pay 
the  value  of  the  timber  and,  in  addition,  a  fine  of  three  times  its  value. 

ART.  42.  Presidents  or  alcades  of  towns  shall  carefully  attend  to  all  who  desire 
certificates  referred  to  in  the  twenty-seventh  article  and  shall  exercise  care  not  to 
make  any  false  statements  as  to  the'needs  of  the  applicants,  under  a  penalty  of  $20 
fine  for  the  first  offense  and  an  indictment  before  the  courts  in  case  of  repetition. 

ART.  43.  Concessioners  of  gratuitous  licenses  shall  notify  the  local  forest  official,  or 
in  his  absence  the  president  or  alcade  of  the  town  of  the  different  places  where  the 
wood  is  being  piled.  Failure  to  do  so  shall  render  concessioner  liable  to  a  fine  equal 
to  25  per  cent  of  the  value  (as  per  official  tariff)  of  the  wood  so  piled. 


KEPOKT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         43 

CHAPTER  IV. — Firewood  for  the  market. 

ART.  44.  1.  Licenses  to  cut  firewood  for  the  market,  to  be  cut  in  the  State  forests1 
shall  be  issued  from  this  office. 

2.  Applications  for  said  licenses  shall  be  delivered  to  the  chief  of  the  forest  district 
or  section,  who  will  forward  same  to  this  office  with  the  necessary  remarks. 

3.  District  commanders  may  issue  such  licenses,  after  having  received  the  proper 
information  concerning  the  circumstances  of  each  particular  case  from  the  chief  of 
the  forest  section  of  the  locality  wThere  the  wood  is  to  be  cut. 

4.  District  commanders  shall  notify  this  office,  and  also  the  chief  forestry  official 
of  the  province,  of  the  number  of  licenses  issued  by  their  order. 

5.  One  year  from  date  of  license  shall  be  allowed  for  the  cutting,  splitting,  and 
removal  of  firewood. 

6.  When  said  period  is  not  sufficient,  a  new  license  shall  be  solicited,  in  time  to 
allow  of  its  issue  before  the  expiration  of  the  old  license. 

ART.  45.  The  tree  species  of  the  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  groups  only  can  be  used 
for  firewood,  and  those  cutting  other  species  shall  render  themselves  liable  to  a  fine 
of  four  times  the  value  of  the  wood,  which  shall  be  measured  and  valued  as  timber, 
as  per  official  tariff. 

ART.  46.  When  there  is  a  great  amount  of  firewood  cut,  the  concessioner  shall 
localize  his  cutting  and  pile  the  wood  beyond  the  forest,  to  avoid  danger  of  fire  when 
wood  becomes  dry. 

ART.  47.  When  the  forest  consists  of  dead  and  dry  timber  as  a  result  of  fire,  all 
may  be  cut  down,  but  if  the  forest  is  composed  of  live  trees,  those  to  be  cut  must  be 
selected  and  cut  down  close  to  the  ground.  In  falling,  care  must  be  taken  that  the 
adjacent  standing  trees  are  not  injured. 

ART.  48.  When  it  is  not  convenient  for  the  concessioner  to  pay  the  value  of  the 
products  utilized  in  the  office  of  the  internal  revenue  of  the  province,  on  account  of 
its  distance  from  the  place  of  cutting,  payment  may  be  made  to  the  president  or 
alcalde  of  the  nearest  town,  who  shall  receive  the  amount,  give  a  receipt  to  the  con- 
cessioner, and  send  a  copv  of  this  receipt  to  the  nearest  forestry  official. 

The  sums  thus  collected  by  presidents  qr  alcaldes  shall  be  turned  into  the  office  of 
internal  revenue. 

ART.  49.  The  concessioners  shall  notify  the  local  forestry  official,  or  in  his  absence 
the  president  of  the  town,  where  the  wood  is  being  piled.  If  said  notice  is  not  prop- 
erly given  a  fine  of  25  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  firewood  shall  be  imposed. 

ART.  50.'  1.  Firewood  cut  in  the  forests  of  the  State  shall  be  divided  into  two 
classes. 

The  first  class,  whether  pieces  are  round  or  split,  is  known  in  the  market  under 
the  name  of  "rajas,"  from  75  centimeters  to  1J  meters  long,  and  from  20  to  40  centi- 
meters in  circumference. 

2.  All  firewood  in  small  sticks  not  of  these  dimensions  belong  to  the  second  class. 

ART.  51.  All  pieces  exceeding  the  maximum  dimensions  fixed  for  firewood  shall 
be  designated  as  timber,  paid  for  by  cubic  feet,  as  per  official  tariff. 

ART.  52.  1.  Firewood  of  the  first  class,  destined  for  home  consumption,  shall  be 
charged  for  at  the  rate  of  $1  per  thousand  "rajas,"  and  when  intended  for  export  at 
the  rate  of  $2  per  thousand  "rajas." 

2.  Firewood  of  small  size  belonging  to  the  second  class,  destined  for  home  con- 
sumption, shall  be  charged  for  at  the  rate  of  20  cents  per  cubic  meter,  and  when 
intended  for  export  at  the  rate  of  40  cents  per  cubic  meter. 

Proportional  charge  will  be  made  for  fractions  of  a  thousand  or  cubic  meter. 

CHAPTER  V. — Caoutchouc,  gum  elastic,  gutta-percha,  gum  mastic,  rosin  (black  and  white), 

and  balao. 

ART.  53.  One  year  from  date  of  license  shall  be  allowed  for  the  harvesting  of  this 
class  of  products.  When  said  period  of  time  is  not  sufficient,  a  new  license  shall  be 
solicited  in  time  to  allow  its  issue  before  the  expiration  of  the  old  license. 

ART.  54.  1.  In  extracting  these  products  the  concessioner  shall  make  cuttings  or 
incisions  into  the  trunks  of  the  trees  at  least  25  centimeters  above  the  ground.  The 
felling  of  said  trees  without  permission  is  absolutely  prohibited. 

2.  These  incisions  should  be  made  with  a  very  sharp  instrument,  penetrating  the 
bark  and  the  first  layers  of  wood. 

3.  The  incisions  shall  be  cut  horizontally  and  25  centimeters  in  length. 

4.  When  the  flow  of  the  juices  is  obstructed  at  the  opening,  the  concessioner  will 
be  permitted  to  recut  the  outer  edges,  and  to  enlarge  the  incision  or  cutting  by  25 
centimeters,  prolonging  it  upward. 


44          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

5.  In  those  trees  which  have  trunks  measuring  more  than  40  centimeters  in  diam- 
eter  (approximately   lj  feet),  the  concessioner  will  be  permitted  to  make  four 
Incisions  or  cuttings  on  opposite  sides. 

6.  The  width  of  the  cuttings  shall  never  exceed  8  centimeters. 

7.  A  metal  or  wooden  plate  may  be  placed  on  the  lower  part  of  the  incision  to 
facilitate  the  collection  of  the  juice.     A  vessel  may  be  placed  under  the  incision  at 
the  foot  of  the  tree. 

ART.  55.  From  the  flowering  of  the  tree  to  the  ripening  of  its  fruit,  trimming  of 
the  edges  of  said  incisions  or  any  lengthening  of  the  same  shall  not  be  permitted. 

ART.  56.  Said  products  may  be  stored  in  towns,  wards,  or  other  places,  at  the  con- 
venience of  the  concessioner,  having  previously  notified  the  chief  forestry  official  of 
the  section,  or  in  his  absence  the  nearest  local  authority,  in  order  that  the  proper 
legal  formalities  may  be  followed. 

ART.  57.  1.  A  manifest  shall  accompany  said  forest  products  when  transported 
from  one  place  to  another  within  the  same  province.  Said  manifest  shall  be  made 
out  by  the  chief  forestry  official  of  the  section  or  locality;  in  his  absence  by  the  pres- 
ident or  alcalde  of  the  town;  or  if  destined  for  another  province,  by  the  nearest  local 
commander.  If  the  manifest  is  made  by  a  president,  there  shall  be  stated  in  it  the 
class  and  weight  of  each  class  of  products  to  be  removed;  but  if  the  manifest  is  made 
by  the  chief  forestry  official  of  the  section,  or  in  his  absence  by  the  nearest  local 
commander,  there  shall  also  be  stated  the  value  of  each  class  of  said  products. 

2.  The  torest  official  at  point  of  destination  of  products  has  the  right  to  verify  the 
correctness  of  the  manifest  or  letter  of  payment  which  accompanies  said  products. 
If  any  difference  should  be  found  between  the  amounts  shown  on  said  documents, 
and  the  actual  amount  of  cargo,  the  concessioner  shall  pay  the  amount  of  excess,  and 
if  said  excess  should  be  more  than  the  fifth  part,  shall  also  incur  a  fine  of  twice  the 
value  of  said  excess. 

ART.  58.  Concessioners  utilizing  this  class  of  products  shall  for  the  present  pay  10 
per  cent  of  its  value,  as  per  market  price  in  Manila  at  time  of  inspection  and  meas- 
urement. 

CHAPTER  VI. — General  provisions. 

ART.  59.  1.  Licenses  to  gather  or  utilize  forest  products  in  the  state  forests  shall 
be  granted  by  this  office. 

2.  Applications  for  said  licenses  must  be  delivered  to  the  chief  forestry  official  of 
the  forest  district  or  section,  or  to  the  district  commander,  who  shall  forward  same 
to  this  office  with  the  necessary  indorsements  of  the  forestry  official  of  said  district. 
In  the  application  shall  be  stated  the  kinds  of  forest  products  desired  and  the  place 
where  said  products  are  to  be  gathered. 

3.  The  gathering  or  utilization  of  forest  products  can  be  done  only  in  the  forests 
of  the  province  specified  in  the  license.     If  the  concessioner  should  cut  or  gather 
forest  products  in  the  forests  of  any  other  province,  said  products  shall  be  considered 
as  unlawfully  cut. 

4.  No  charge  shall  be  made  for  licenses  nor  for  the  authentication  or  making  out 
of  manifests. 

5.  Reserved  forests,  and  the  species  of  trees  the  cutting  of  which  is  forbidden,  will 
be  noted  in  licenses  for  the  information  of  the  concessioner.     The  felling  of  trees  of 
the  superior  and  first  groups,  excepting  ebony,  camuning,  and  lanete,  of  a  less  diam- 
eter than  40  centimeters  is  absolutely  prohibited. 

6.  The  felling  in  the  state  forests  of  trees,  from  which  caoutchouc,  gutta-percha, 
and  gum  elastic  are  extracted,  is  prohibited. 

The  following  is  a  partial  list  of  names  of  the  above-mentioned  tree  species: 

Agiotin.  Tanguisan  baguio.  Urostigma  sp. 

Anocep.  Tanguisan  Bayaba.  Artocarpus  Camansi. 

Antipolo.  Tibig.  Palaquium  sp. 

Palacpalac.  Dysoxylum.  Ficus  sp. 

Balete.  Palaquium.  Ficus. 

Camansi.  Artocarpus  incisa  Li.  Ficus  cuneata  Mig. 

Malaputad.  Palaquium  latifolia  Bl.  Ficus  heterophylla  L. 
Tanguisan. 

7.  The  felling  in  the  state  forests  of  the  ylang-ylang  tree  is  prohibited. 

8.  The  utilization  of  forest  products  not  specifically  mentioned  in  these  regula- 
tions shall  be  by  license,  and  said  utilization  shall  be  governed  by  special  conditions 
which  may  be  ascertained  upon  presentation  of  application  for  a  license  to  utilize 
said  products. 

ART.  60.  Whosoever  cuts  or  removes  timber  or  other  forest  products  prohibited 


REPOKT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          45 

by  official  order,  or  cuts  species  the  utilization  of  which  is  prohibited  by  special 
mention  in  the  license,  shall  incur  a  penalty  amounting  to  four  times  the  value  of 
the  products.  A  copy  of  these  regulations  shall  accompany  each  license. 

ART.  61.  The  concessioner  must  gather  said  forest  product  together,  and  pile  it  in 
the  district  where  cut  or  gathered,  and  not  where  the  cutting  of  timber  or  other 
utilization  of  forest  products  is  forbidden.  For  any  violation  he  shall  incur  a  penalty 
of  four  times  the  value  of  the  product  gathered. 

ART.  62.  1.  The  trees  to  be  cut  shall  be  selected  and  cut  down  close  to  the 
ground,  care  being  taken  that  no  damage  be  done  in  falling  to  the  adjacent  trees. 
The  concessioner  shall  compactly  pile  the  branches  of  all  trees  felled,  and  place  said 
branches  where  the  least  damage  shall  be  done  to  the  younger  growth. 

2.  Forest  products  shall  be  transported  as  far  as  possible  by  routes  where  there 
are  few  trees,  avoiding  as  far  as  practicable  the  destruction  of  the  younger  growth. 

3.  Concessioners  shall  be  held  responsible  for  any  damage  to  the  forests  through 
failure  to  comply  with  the  above  requirements.     They  shall  also  be  held  responsible 
for  violations  of  said  regulations  on  the  part  of  their  representatives  or  their 
employees. 

ART.  63.  When  the  cutting  or  gathering  of  forest  products  has  been  finished,  the 
concessioner  shall  notify  in  writing  the  nearest  forestry  official  of  the  place  where 
said  product  is  deposited,  the  classes  and  amount  of  the  same,  and  its  destination. 

He  shall  also  state  if  he  has  left  any  felled  timber  in  the  forest;  and  if  so,  the 
number  of  trees  and  the  classes. 

A  forestry  official  shall  verify  the  "statement"  of  forest  products  presented  by  the 
concessioner,  examining  and  measuring  the  same.  He  will  make  out,  in  duplicate, 
the  manifest  for  each  shipment,  and  give  one  copy  of  this  to  the  concessioner. 

ART.  64.  The  concessioner  shall  not  load,  sell,  nor  use  any  forest  product  which 
has  not  been  paid  for,  unless  he  has  had  express  authority  from  the  chief  of  the 
forestry  bureau  and  has  given  a  satisfactory  guaranty  to  that  official. 

ART.  65.  1.  A  manifest  will  not  be  necessary  in  case  the  forest  product  is  not  to 
be  removed  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  town  in  which  the  forest  is  situated. 

In  this  case,  after  having  examined,  measured,  and  valued  said  product,  the 
forestry  official  of  the  district  or  section  gives  to  the  concessioner  or  his  representa- 
tive an  order  of  payment  to  the  internal-revenue  office,  stating  amount  to  be  paid. 

2.  This  having  been  done,  the  concessioner  or  his  representative  shall  deliver  the 
letter  acknowledging  payment  to  the  official  who  made  out  the  order,  who  shall 
acknowledge  receipt  of  same,  making  a  note  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  of  the  official 
statement,  which  he  will  deliver  to  the  interested  party.     Having  complied  with 
these  conditions,  the  owner  of  the  forest  product  can  dispose  of  same  as  he  sees  fit. 

3.  For  any  violation  of  these  requirements  he  will  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  25  per 
cent  of  the  value  of  said  product. 

ART.  66.  1.  When  the  forest  product  is  to  be  transported  by  land  or  by  river 
from  one  town  to  another,  within  the  same  province,  the  carrier  must  be  .provided 
with  a  manifest,  signed  by  the  concessioner  or  his  representative  and  authenticated 
by  the  forestry  official  residing  in  the  town  where  the  timber  or  other  forest  product 
was  cut  or  gathered,  and  in  case  there  should  be  no  such  official  there,  then  by  the 
president  or  alcalde.  Upon  the  arrival  of  said  product  at  its  destination,  it  can  not 
be  disposed  of  until  the  forms  as  provided  for  in  the  foregoing  conditions  are  com- 
plied with. 

2.  The  concessioner  shall  not  remove  said  product  in  case  it  is  to  be  carried  by 
land  or  river  from  one  province  to  another  without  having  first  paid  its  value  in  the 
internal-revenue  office  of  the  province  in  which  the  forest  is  situated. 

3.  The  concessioner  may  remove  said  product  after  having  the  manifest  indorsed 
by  the  forestry  official  to  the  effect  that  it  has  been  paid  for,  and  said  manifest  must 
accompany  the  person  in  charge  of  above  transportation. 

4.  Should  said  product  be  transported  by  sea  and  shipped  from  one  point  to 
another  in  the  archipelago  the  payment  may,  at  the  option  of  the  concessioner,  be 
made  in  the  office  of  internal  revenue  at  the  place  of  origin  or  destination. 

5.  In  the  first  case,  where  payment  has  been  made  at  place  of  origin,  the  conces- 
sioner will  be  governed  by  section  3,  in  that  the  cargo  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
manifest,  upon  which  has  been  noted  the  receipt  of  the  letter  of  payment. 

6.  In  the  second  instance,  he  must  be  provided  with  the  manifest  given  by  the 
forestry  official  or  by  the  president  or  alcalde  of  the  town  of  departure;  the  conces- 
sioner being  held  responsible  for  any  difference  which  may  be  found  at  the  inspection 
at  port  of  arrival. 

7.  The  person  in  charge  of  forest  products  transported  by  sea  will,  within  five  days 
of  arrival  at  port  of  destination,  present  the  manifest  to  the  nearest  forestry  official. 


46          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

8.  Failure  to  carry  out  the  above  requirement  will  render  the  party  so  offending 
liable  to  a  discretionary  penalty,  which  shall  not  exceed  $100. 

ART.  67.  1.  The  chief  forestry  official  of  the  district  or  section  shall,  after  inspec- 
tion, give  the  order  to  unload,  after  the  manifest  has  been  presented  showing  that 
said  product  has  been  paid  for.  If  this  verification  of  the  cargo  shows  that  the 
figures  agree  with  the  manifest,  it  shall  be  delivered  to  the  interested  party,  noting 
on  same  the  said  fact. 

2.  If  an  excess  of  cargo  should  be  found  and  should  not  exceed  10  per  cent  of  cargo, 
payment  of  full  amount  of  cargo  only  shall  be  paid  by  the  concessioner;  but  if  such 
excess  should  be  found  to  be  more  than  10  per  cent,  a  penalty,  as  indicated  in  article 
72,  shall  be  paid  by  the  concessioner  in  addition  to  full  payment  on  cargo  as  found 
at  inspection. 

3.  If  the  product  has  not  been  paid  for,  the  order  of  payment  shall  be  given  to  the 
concessioner,  made  out  for  the  amount  as  shown  on  the  provisional  manifest,  and 
upon  payment  of  which,  as  shown  by  the  presentation  of  the  letter  of  payment,  the 
order  to  unload  is  given,  and  subsequent  proceedings  shall  conform  with  that  laid 
down  in  the  preceding  paragraph. 

4.  If  the  concessioner  should,  at  the  termination  of  his  voyage,  dispose  of  said 
product  without  having  first  obtained  the  order  to  discharge  he  shall  incur  a  penalty 
of  25  per  cent  of  the  value  of  same,  in  addition  to  other  penalties  to  which  he  may 
be  liable  for  other  violations. 

5.  In  order  to  move  said  product  after  it  has  been  unloaded,  the  owners  or  persons 
in  charge  must  be  provided  with  a  manifest  indorsed  by  the  official  who  inspected  at 
the  time  of  loading.     In  no  instance  shall  the  order  to  unload  be  used  in  place  of  the 
manifest  in  order  to  move  the  said  product. 

ART.  68.  If  payment  on  said  product  should  be  delayed  more  than  one  month, 
counting  from  the  date  of  the  order  of  payment,  a  penalty  of  50  per  cent  of  its  value 
will  be  incurred. 

ART.  69.  In  case  of  accidents  or  of  damage  to  ships,  or  where  the  product  is  "carried 
in  mail  vessels  which  can  not  be  delayed  in  port,  said  product  may  be  unloaded  at 
once,  having  previously  given  a  satisfactory  bond  or  cash  deposit,  fixed  in  each  case 
by  the  chief  forestry  official  of  the  district. 

ART.  70.  1.  When  a  cargo  of  a  forest  product  is  to  be  exported  to  China,  Australia, 
or  any  other  point  outside  of  the  archipelago,  the  concessioner  before  loading  shall 
pay  into  the  internal-revenue  office  a  sum  equal  to  $2  for  each  ton  of  capacity  registered 
by  the  vessel  in  which  the  shipment  is  to  be  made,  as  a  guarantee  of  payment  of  the 
value  of  said  product. 

2.  After  the  deposit  is  made  loading  may  begin  under  a  designated  forestry  official 
who  will  make  out  the  official  statement  of  the  product  loaded. 

3.  This  having  been  finished,  the  ship  may  begin  her  voyage,  and  the  concessioner 
should  repair  to  the  nearest  forestry  official  in  order  to  obtain  the  order  of  payment, 
and  having  proven  same  by  presenting  the  letter  of  payment  an  order  will  be  made 
out  which  will  enable  him  to  withdraw  his  deposit  and  be  free  from  all  responsibility 
to  this  bureau  for  said  cargo. 

4.  In  case  the  manifest  is  not  shown  the  forest  product  shall  be  detained  and  a 
fine  of  from  1  to  5  per  cent  of  the  value  of  the  products  imposed. 

ART.  71.  1.  Presidents  or  alcaldes  of  the  towns  who  officially  authenticate  mani- 
fests which  contain  inaccuracies  prejudicial  to  the  state  shall  incur  a  fine  of  not  less 
than  $5. 

2.  Where  a  forestry  official  is  unable  to  act,  the  president  or  alcalde  of  the  town 
who  fails,  when  called  upon  by  a  concessioner,  to  inspect  and  measure  the  wood  or 
other  forest  product,  either  in  person  or  by  sending  another  official  belonging  to  the 
municipality,  shall  incur  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $5. 

ART.  72.  Violations  of  these  regulations  as  to  time  and  manner  of  utilizing  the  pub- 
lic forest  products,  where  no  damage  has  been  caused,  will  be  punished  by  a  discretion- 
ary fine  which  shall  not  exceed  $100.  In  case  damage  has  been  caused  the  party  so 
offending  shall  be  held  responsible  and  pay  for  same,  and  shall  pay  in  addition  a  fine 
of  from  10  to  25  per  cent  of  said  damage,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  case. 

In  cases  of  grave  violations  of  these  regulations  by  any  concessioner  or  his  repre- 
sentatives or  employees  the  license  may  be  withdrawn  after  due  notice  to  the  party 
in  interest. 

ART.  73.  1.  All  cutting  or  harvesting  of  the  products  of  the  public  forests  without 
license  shall  be  considered  fraudulent,  and  will  be  punished  as  follows: 

If  the  products  be  not  timber,  and  subject  to  payment,  the  delinquent  will  be  com- 
pelled to  pay  the  value  of  the  same  and  damages,  and  also  a  fine  for  the  first  offense 
of  from  25  to  50  per  cent  of  said  value,  50  to  75  per  cent  for  the  second  offense,  and 
100  per  cent  for  the  third  offense,  with  confiscation  and  loss  of  products. 


REPOKT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          47 

2.  If  the  product  is  timber,  and  whether  subject  to  payment  or  not,  the  delinquent 
shall  pay  the  value  of  the  same  and  damage,  and  also  a  fine  of  1  cent  for  each  10  cubic 
decimeters  for  the  first  offense,  2  cents  per  10  cubic  decimeters  for  the  second  offense, 
and  for  the  third  offense  2£  cents  per  cubic  decimeter,  with  confiscation  and  loss  of 
said  timber. 

ART.  74.  Unauthorized  clearing  of  public  lands,  especially  by  fire,  is  absolutely 
prohibited.  Offenders  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of  $20  per  hectare  for  the  ground 
so  burnt  over,  and  in  case  of  insolvency  shall  serve  a  term  in  prison  to  correspond  to 
the  time  required  to  liquidate  said  fine  at  the  rate  of  $2.50  per  day;  said  term  of 
imprisonment  shall  not  exceed  sixty  days.  The  land  unlawfully  occupied  must  be 
immediately  abandoned,  this  for  the  first  offense;  for  the  second  offense  $30  per  hec- 
tare and  the  immediate  abandonment  of  the  property,  and  in  case  of  insolvency 
imprisonment  as  above  described  for  a  term  not  to  exceed  ninety  days.  For  the  third 
offense,  $50  per  hectare  and  immediate  abandonment  of  the  property.  In  case  of 
insolvency  imprisonment  as  above  described  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  and  eighty 
days.  This  penalty  shall  not  be  increased  for  subsequent  offenses,  but  if  it  should  be 
proven  that  the  burning  was  done  through  malice  the  offender  shall  be  punished 
according  to  the  penal  code. 

ART.  75.  1.  Persons  owning  lands  containing  trees  suitable  for  lumber,  firewood, 
or  other  forest  products  shall  immediately  present  certified  copies  of  their  title  deeds 
at  this  office  for  registration. 

2.  Forest  products  taken  from  private  lands  whose  owners  have  not  complied  with 
these  requirements  shall  be  considered  unlawfully  taken. 

ART.  76.  In  order  that  forestry  officials  may  exercise  an  intelligent  supervision 
over  the  utilization  of  forest  products,  all  said  products  of  land  owned  by  towns 
or  by  private  individuals,  and  which  leave  the  jurisdiction  where  said  lands  are  situ- 
ated, shall  be  accompanied  by  a  statement,  signed  by  the  owner  or  administrator 
of  the  estate  and  by  the  president  or  alcalde  of  the  town,  in  which  statement  shall 
be  described  the  number,  class,  and  amount  of  forest  product  and  the  place  where 
cut  or  gathered,  and  shall  also  show  a  receipt  from  the  forestry  bureau  of  registra- 
tion of  title  to  said  land. 

Failure  to  present  this  statement  will  render  the  owner  of  said  forest  product  liable 
to  the  penalties  incurred  by  parties  fraudulently  taking  forest  products  from  the  for- 
ests of  the  state. 

ART.  77.  The  officer  in  charge  of  the  forestry  bureau  is  charged  with  the  duty  of 
preparing  the  blank  forms  necessary  for  the  enforcement  of  the  foregoing  regulations 
and  distributing  the  same  as  the  necessities  of  the  service  may  require. 

By  command  of  Major-General  MacArthur: 

E.  H.  CROWDER, 
Lieutenant- Colonel  Thirty-ninth  Infantry,  U.  S.  V.,  Secretary. 

FORESTS   OF   THE   PHILIPPINE   ISLANDS. 

The  Philippine  Islands  lie  between  4°  45'  and  21°  north  latitude  and 
between  116°  and  127°  east  longitude,  with  an  area  of  119,542  square 
miles.  The  islands  are  all  mountainous,  some  of  the  high  peaks  having 
an  altitude  close  to  9,000  feet  above  the  sea.  In  many  of  the  islands 
the  steep  mountain  slopes  begin  close  to  the  seacoast,  and  to  the  casual 
observer  the  entire  area  is  woodland.  It  has  been  estimated  that  of  the 
73,000,000  acres  in  the  islands  more  than  6,000,000  are  under  cultiva- 
tion. (Jordana,  1890.) 

We  find  various  estimates  for  the  forest  area  by  former  officials. 

The  official  geographic  statistics  of  1876  fix  the  forest  area  at  51,537,243 
acres. 

Fernando  Castro  estimated  the  forest  area  in  1890  at  48,112,920  acres. 
This  includes  all  woodland,  private  as  well  as  public  land. 

As  one  travels  over  the  islands  he  is  constantly  struck  with  the  large 
population  to  the  square  mile  and  the  scarcity  of  timber  close  to  the 
main  traveled  routes  and  centers  of  population.  As  one  leaves  the 
main  traveled  routes  vast  virgin  forests  are  met  with,  rich  in  valuable 
hard  woods,  dyewoods,  gums,  and  other  products,  waiting  for  the  skill 
and  enterprise  of  the  American  capitalist.  On  the  island  of  Cebu,. 


48          REPORT    OF    FORESTKY    BUREAU,    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

where  we  find  a  population  of  290  to  the  square  mile,  not  a  merchant- 
able stick  of  timber  is  evident,  with  the  exception  of  a  small  tract  of 
forest  left  in  the  northern  end  of  this  island,  which  forest  must  there- 
fore be  carefully  looked  after. 

The  island  of  Panay,  with  a  population  of  150  to  the  square  mile,  is 
almost  denuded  of  good  timber.  In  Luzon,  where  the  population 
averages  78  to  the  square  mile,  we  find  no  timber  in  the  vicinitv  of 
centers  of  population.  As  we  travel  over  the  only  line  of  railwaj7  in 
the  islands,  from  Manila  to  Dagupan,  a  distance  of  120  miles,  we  fail 
to  see  a  single  merchantable  stick  within  several  miles  of  the  road. 
But  there  are  tracts  in  various  parts  of  Luzon  where  much  valuable 
timber  remains.  In  the  northern  end  of  the  island,  in  Cagayan  and 
Isabela  provinces,  there  are  at  least  2,000,000  acres  of  valuable  forest 
remaining.  The  entire  east  coast  of  Luzon,  from  the  northern  end  as 
far  south  as  Atimonan,  comprising  several  million  acres,  is  practically 
a  virgin  forest.  In  northwestern  Luzon  very  little  merchantable  tim- 
ber is  left,  with  the  exception  of  the  slopes  above  3,000  feet,  where  we 
find  a  species  of  pine  (Pinus  insularis)  flourishing,  all  ages  mingled 
together.  The  maximum  pines  seen  were  close  to  4  feet  in  diameter 
and  more  than  100  feet  in  height.  Here  the  pine  obtains  a  diameter 
of  12  inches  in  about  twenty  years.  Almost  eveiy  acre  of  these  north- 
western mountains  is  burnt  over  each  year  by  the  savages,  but  the 
larger  pines  seem  to  survive  these  repeated  ~scorchings.  Through 
central  Luzon  the  timber  has  been  cut  away,  leaving  small  tracts  of 
fairly  good  forest  in  a  few  places.  In  southern  Luzon,  in  Tayabas 
and  the  Camarines,  we  find  some  large  tracts  fairly  well  covered  with 
a  variety  of  valuable  tree  species. 

As  we  enter  the  southwestern  islands,  extending  from  Mindoro 
through  to  Paragua,  we  leave  the  more  traveled  routes,  and  find  a 
sparsely  settled  region  where  the  virgin  forests  have  been  apparently 
untouched.  In  this  group  you  will  find  upward  of  4,000,000  acres  of 
virgin  forest  extending  from  the  water's  edge  to  the  summits  of  the 
mountains.  Some  cutting  has  been  done  in  this  region,  but  it  has 
amounted  to  a  mere  thinning  of  the  edges  of  the  forest.  This  group 
of  islands"  is  celebrated  for  the  great  quantity  of  narra,  or  Philippine 
mahogany,  molave,  ipil,  and  calantas  (the  Philippine  cedar).  Here  we 
find  valuable  hard  woods  4  or  5  feet  in  diameter  with  magnificent  clear 
trunks  for  80  feet  up  to  the  first  limb.  As  a  rule  we  find  all  over  the 
islands  that  the  largest  trees  have  not  been  felled,  owing  to  the  lack  of 
facilities  for  handling  heavy  timbers.  Very  little  cleared  land  is  found 
in  Mindoro.  Its  reputation  as  a  death  trap  for  white  men  will  change 
as  a  few  hundred  square  miles  are  cleared  of  timber  and  its  rich  soil 
devoted  to  agriculture.  A  vigorous  thinning  of  at  least  50  per 
cent  of  the  present  forest  growth  of  Mindoro  and  Paragua  would 
make  them  much  more  salubrious  than  at  present.  The  island  of 
Mindanao,  with  an  area  of  more  than  23,000,000  acres,  is  almost 
entirely  covered  by  forest.  The  vast  majority  of  the  population  of 
this  island  is  found  in  coast  towns,  with  the  exception  of  the  region  in 
the  north  surrounding  the  Laguna  de  Lanao,  where  we  find  a  large 
population  of  Moros.  Very  little  timber  has  been  cut  in  this  island 
owing  to  the  scarcity  of  labor  and  the  distance  to  market.  It  would 
be  safe  to  estimate  at  least  10,000,000  acres  of  virgin  forest  for  this 
island  alone.  The  southern  part  of  this  island,  in  the  region  southeast 
of  Cotabato,  is  noted  for  its  gutta-percha,  rubber,  and  other  gums. 
More  than  $300,000  was  paid  at  Cotabato  for  these  gums  last  year, 


KEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.    .     49 

all  of  which  product  was  shipped  to  Singapore.  There  are  a  number 
of  rivers  in  this  island  sufficiently  large  for  log-driving  purposes. 

Of  the  other  larger  islands  we  find  valuable  forests  in  the  islands  of 
Leyte  and  Samar.  The  island  of  Negros  has  been  cut  over  rather 
thoroughly  for  a  great  many  years,  and  it  will  not  be  long  before  it 
will  be  in  the  same  condition  as  the  island  of  Cebu,  if  the  forests  are 
not  protected.  This  island  (Negros),  prior  to  June,  1901,  was  under 
a  separate  government  with  its  own  forestry  service.  The  forestry 
bureau  at  Manila  now  has  jurisdiction  in  this  island,  and  will  promptly 
introduce  the  forestry  officials  trained  at  Manila,  enforce  there  the 
forestry  regulations,  and  protect  what  is  left  of  their  forests.  We 
may  safely  estimate  that  there  are  at  least  20,000,000  acres  of  virgin 
forest  in  these  islands,  with  an  average  of  at  least  15,000  feet  board 
measure  of  valuable  hardwood  to  the  acre. 

Up  to  the  present  date  the  Bureau  has  listed  665  native  tree  species, 
of  several  hundred  of  which  little  more  is  known  than  their  names. 
During  the  past  year  about  160  different  native  woods  have  entered 
the  market,  the  most  valuable  of  which  for  construction  purposes  is 
molave.  Molave,  ipil,  yacal,  and  dungon  are  remarkable  for  their 
durability  and  strength.  The  qualities  of  a  few  of  these  woods  are 
very  well  known  to  the  natives,  and  the  specifications  for  the  main 
timbers  in  house  construction  carefully  provide  that  the  timbers  used 
shall  be  some  of  these  mentioned.  In  addition  to  their  value  in  ordi- 
nary construction^  they  have  exceptional  qualities  when  used  as  paving 
blocks.  Two  of  the  bridges  in  Manila  were  paved  with  molave  blocks 
about  six  years  ago  have  been  subjected  to  the  heaviest  traffic  in  the 
city,  and,  apparently,  at  the  present  date,  not  a  single  block  has  been 
splintered.  The  cafantas,  or  Philippine  cedar,  is  almost  entirely  used 
in  making  cigar  boxes.  Narra,  tindalo,  acle,  and  luan  are  used 
principally  as  furniture  woods.  Betis,  aranga,  and  dungon  are 
generally  used  as  piles,  for  which  there  is  a  great  demand  in  the  Manila 
market.  The  other  important  construction  woods  are  baticulin, 
batitinan,  amuguis,  guijo,  apitong,  panao,  sacat,  balacat,  malabulac, 
and  malasantol. 

TIMBER    USED     IN    THE    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS     FROM    JULY     1,     1900,    TO 
APRIL   30,    1901. 

There  are  various  sources  of  supply  for  the  timber  market  of  the 
Philippines,  namely,  public  lands  of  the  islands,  private  woodlands, 
and  importations  from  the  United  States  and  other  foreign  countries. 
A  more  detailed  statement  of  the  amount  of  forest  products  taken 
from  public  lands  during  this  period  will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 

Cubic  feet. 
The  total  amount  of  timber  taken  from  public  lands  for  this  period  is 

found  to  be 1,  875, 405 

Timber  from  private  woodlands  for  the  same  period 97, 808 

Importations  by  private  parties 155,  714 

Amount  shipped  to  the  Philippines  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department 

for  the  use  of  the  government  from  July  1, 1900,  to  April  23, 1901 713, 642 

The  total  amount  of  firewood  used  is 1, 629, 635 

(None  but  lower  grade  woods  permitted  to  be  used  for  this  purpose.) 

A  very  small  total,  when  we  consider  the  vast  forests  from  which 
they  are  extracted  and  the  great  demand  for  timber  in  the  islands. 
Much  of  this  native  timber  was  cut  as  early  as  1896,  but  not  brought 

11064—01 4 


48          KEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

where  we  find  a  population  of  290  to  the  square  mile,  not  a  merchant- 
able stick  of  timber  is  evident,  with  the  exception  of  a  small  tract  of 
forest  left  in  the  northern  end  of  this  island,  which  forest  must  there- 
fore be  carefully  looked  after. 

The  island  of  Panay,  with  a  population  of  150  to  the  square  mile,  is 
almost  denuded  of  good  timber.  In  Luzon,  where  the  population 
averages  78  to  the  square  mile,  we  find  no  timber  in  the  vicinity  of 
centers  of  population.  As  we  travel  over  the  only  line  of  railwaj7"  in 
the  islands,  from  Manila  to  Dagupan,  a  distance  of  120  miles,  we  fail 
to  see  a  single  merchantable  stick  within  several  miles  of  the  road. 
But  there  are  tracts  in  various  parts  of  Luzon  where  much  valuable 
timber  remains.  In  the  northern  end  of  the  island,  in  Cagayan'and 
Isabela  provinces,  there  are  at  least  2,000,000  acres  of  valuable  forest 
remaining.  The  entire  east  coast  of  Luzon,  from  the  northern  end  as 
far  south  as  Atimonan,  comprising  several  million  acres,  is  practically 
a  virgin  forest.  In  northwestern  Luzon  very  little  merchantable  tim- 
ber is  left,  with  the  exception  of  the  slopes  above  3,000  feet,  where  we 
find  a  species  of  pine  (Pinus  insularis)  flourishing,  all  ages  mingled 
together.  The  maximum  pines  seen  were  close  to  4  feet  in  diameter 
and  more  than  100  feet  in  height.  Here  the  pine  obtains  a  diameter 
of  12  inches  in  about  twenty  years.  Almost  every  acre  of  these  north- 
western mountains  is  burnt  over  each  year  by  the  savages,  but  the 
larger  pines  seem  to  survive  these  repeated  scorchings.  Through 
central  Luzon  the  timber  has  been  cut  away,  leaving  small  tracts  of 
fairly  good  forest  in  a  few  places.  In  southern  Luzon,  in  Tayabas 
and  the  Camarines,  we  find  some  large  tracts  fairly  well  covered  with 
a  variety  of  valuable  tree  species. 

As  we  enter  the  southwestern  islands,  extending  from  Mindoro 
through  to  Paragua,  we  leave  the  more  traveled  routes,  and  find  a 
sparsely  settled  region  where  the  virgin  forests  have  been  apparently 
untouched.  In  this  group  you  will  find  upward  of  4,000,000  acres  of 
virgin  forest  extending  from  the  water's  edge  to  the  summits  of  the 
mountains.  Some  cutting  has  been  done  in  this  region,  but  it  has 
amounted  to  a  mere  thinning  of  the  edges  of  the  forest.  This  group 
of  islands' is  celebrated  for  the  great  quantity  of  narra,  or  Philippine 
mahogany,  molave,  ipil,  and  calantas  (the  Philippine  cedar).  Here  we 
find  valuable  hard  woods  4  or  5  feet  in  diameter  with  magnificent  clear 
trunks  for  80  feet  up  to  the  first  limb.  As  a  rule  we  find  all  over  the 
islands  that  the  largest  trees  have  not  been  felled,  owing  to  the  lack  of 
facilities  for  handling  heavy  timbers.  Very  little  cleared  land  is  found 
in  Mindoro.  Its  reputation  as  a  death  trap  for  white  men  will  change 
as  a  few  hundred  square  miles  are  cleared  of  timber  and  its  rich  soil 
devoted  to  agriculture.  A  vigorous  thinning  of  at  least  50  per 
cent  of  the  present  forest  growth  of  Mindoro  and  Paragua  would 
make  them  much  more  salubrious  than  at  present.  The  island  of 
Mindanao,  with  an  area  of  more  than  23,000,000  acres,  is  almost 
entirely  covered  by  forest.  The  vast  majority  of  the  population  of 
this  island  is  found  in  coast  towns,  with  the  exception  of  the  region  in 
the  north  surrounding  the  Laguna  de  Lanao,  where  we  find  a  large 
population  of  Moros.  Very  little  timber  has  been  cut  in  this  island 
owing  to  the  scarcity  of  labor  and  the  distance  to  market.  It  would 
be  safe  to  estimate  at  least  10,000,000  acres  of  virgin  forest  for  this 
island  alone.  The  southern  part  of  this  island,  in  the  region  southeast 
of  Cotabato,  is  noted  for  its  gutta-percha,  rubber,  and  other  gums. 
More  than  $300,000  was  paid  at  Cotabato  for  these  gums  last  year, 


EEPOET    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.    .     49 

all  of  which  product  was  shipped  to  Singapore.  There  are  a  number 
of  rivers  in  this  island  sufficiently  large  for  log-driving  purposes. 

Of  the  other  larger  islands  we  find  valuable  forests  in  the  islands  of 
Leyte  and  Saniar.  The  island  of  Negros  has  been  cut  over  rather 
thoroughly  for  a  great  many  years,  and  it  will  not  be  long  before  it 
will  be  in  the  same  condition  as  the  island  of  Cebu,  if  the  forests  are 
not  protected.  This  island  (Negros),  prior  to  June,  1901,  was  under 
a  separate  government  with  its  own  forestry  service.  The  forestry 
bureau  at  Manila  now  has  jurisdiction  in  this  island,  and  will  promptly 
introduce  the  forestry  officials  trained  at  Manila,  enforce  there  the 
forestry  regulations,  and  protect  what  is  left  of  their  forests.  We 
may  safely  estimate  that  there  are  at  least  20,000,000  acres  of  virgin 
forest  in  these  islands,  with  an  average  of  at  least  15,000  feet  board 
measure  of  valuable  hardwood  to  the  acre. 

Up  to  the  present  date  the  Bureau  has  listed  605  native  tree  species, 
of  several  hundred  of  which  little  more  is  known  than  their  names. 
During  the  past  year  about  160  different  native  woods  have  entered 
the  market,  the  most  valuable  of  which  for  construction  purposes  is 
molave.  Molave,  ipil,  yacal,  and  dungon  are  remarkable  for  their 
durability  and  strength.  The  qualities  of  a  few  of  these  woods  are 
very  well  known  to  the  natives,  and  the  specifications  for  the  main 
timbers  in  house  construction  carefully  provide  that  the  timbers  used 
shall  be  some  of  these  mentioned.  In  addition  to  their  value  in  ordi- 
nary construction,  they  have  exceptional  qualities  when  used  as  paving 
blocks.  Two  of  the  bridges  in  Manila  were  paved  with  molave  blocks 
about  six  years  ago  have  been  subjected  to  the  heaviest  traffic  in  the 
city,  and,  apparently,  at  the  present  date,  not  a  single  block  has  been 
splintered.  The  calantas,  or  Philippine  cedar,  is  almost  entirely  used 
in  making  cigar  boxes.  Narra,  tindalo,  acle,  and  luan  are  used 
principally  as  furniture  woods.  Betis,  aranga,  and  dungon  are 
generally  used  as  piles,  for  which  there  is  a  great  demand  in  the  Manila 
market.  The  other  important  construction  woods  are  baticulin, 
batitinan,  amuguis,  guijo,  apitong,  panao,  sacat,  balacat,  malabulac, 
and  malasantol. 

TIMBER    USED     IN    THE    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS     FROM    JULY     1,     1900,    TO 
APRIL   30,    1901. 

There  are  various  sources  of  supply  for  the  timber  market  of  the 
Philippines,  namely,  public  lands  of  the  islands,  private  woodlands, 
and  importations  from  the  United  States  and  other  foreign  countries. 
A  more  detailed  statement  of  the  amount  of  forest  products  taken 
from  public;  lands  during  this  period  will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 

Cubic  feet. 
The  total  amount  of  timber  taken  from  public  lands  for  this  period  is 

found  to  be 1,  875, 405 

Timber  from  private  woodlands  for  the  same  period 97, 808 

Importations  by  private  parties 155,  714 

Amount  shipped  to  the  Philippines  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department 

for  the  use  of  the  government  from  July  1, 1900,  to  April  23, 1901 713, 642 

The  total  amount  of  firewood  used  is 1,  629,  635 

(None  but  lower  grade  woods  permitted  to  be  used  for  this  purpose.) 

A  very  small  total,  when  we  consider  the  vast  forests  from  which 
they  are  extracted  and  the  great  demand  for  timber  in  the  islands. 
Much  of  this  native  timber  was  cut  as  early  as  1896,  but  not  brought 

11064—01 4 


50          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

to  market  on  account  of  the  revolution.  It  was  only  during  the  past 
year  that  the  timber  cut  since  1896  could  be  brought  to  market.  Up 
to  the  present  time  it  has  been  impossible  to  cut  enough  timber  for  the 
actual  necessities,  forcing  the  government  to  send  to  America  for  the 
timber  needed  for  storehouses  for  the  troops,  for  bridges,  and  other 
public  works.  The  amount  of  timber  per  capita  used  in  these  islands 
is  less  than  1  per  cent  of  the  corresponding  amount  used  in  the  United 
States.  The  total  amount  used,  including  importations,  is  much  less 
than  the  annual  growth  of  forest  in  the  province  of  Cagayan  alone, 
and  when  we  consider  that  the  logging  parties  are  small  and  are  cutting 
in  over  40  different  provinces  and  islands,  not  much  danger  is  to  be 
apprehended  that  any  loss  of  our  present  capital  will  result. 

At  least  50  per  cent  of  the  timber  cut  on  public  lands  has  been  used 
by  the  government  in  the  construction  of  its  many  barracks,  store- 
houses, bridges,  and  other  public  works.  Native  property  owners 
throughout  the  islands  have  been  unable  to  rebuild  their  homes,  find- 
ing it  impossible  to  get  material.  When  peace  prevails  in  the  islands 
more  men  will  be  employed  in  the  forests,  and  it  will  take  three  or  four 
years  for  the  native  and  other  residents  of  the  islands  to  cut  only  such 
timber  as  is  absolutely  necessary  for  construction.  The  engineers  and 
builders  in  Hongkong  and  other  ports  of  the  Orient  prefer  the  Philip- 
pine timber  to  that  of  the  other  islands  of  the  East  Indies,  but  have 
been  unable  to  secure  any  cargoes  lately,  owing  to  the  scarcity  of  sup- 
ply and  great  local  demand,  and  in  response  to  an  inquiry  from  them 
as  to  when  they  could  secure  some  of  this  timber,  I  replied  that  it 
would  not  be  possible  to  obtain  any  within  three  years,  unless  they  paid 
a  price  far  higher  than  that  they  wish  to  give  at  the  present  time.  It 
is  also  to  be  noted  that  no  native  wood  has  been  exported  since  the 
organization  of  the  present  bureau.  For  the  next  four  months  a 
decreased  output  of  timber  will  be  noted,  due  to  the  fact  that  the  south- 
west monsoon  and  the  typhoon  season  is  on  and  transportation  by  sea 
somewhat  uncertain.  The  rains  have  commenced  and  will  stop  loggers 
in  some  parts  of  the  islands. 

PRIVATE    WOODLANDS. 

The  forestry  regulations  provide  that  owners  of  woodlands  may  cut 
and  market  their  timber  after  registration  of  titles  to  these  lands  in 
the  central  office  at  Manila.  A  printed  form  is  then  issued  to  the 
owner  of  the  land  stating  that  this  registration  has  been  made;  his 
title  is  returned,  and  on  it  also  is  noted  the  fact  of  registration.  He 
is  also  informed  that  this  registration  is  no  guaranty  of  title. 

Parties  cutting  timber  on  their  own  woodland  without  having  regis- 
tered their  titles  are  obliged  to  pay  the  government  valuation  on  the 
timber  in  addition  to  a  fine.  All  land  is  considered  public  land  until 
a  title  is  shown — a  title  which  has  formerly  been  registered  in  some 
register  of  property  as  provided  by  Spanish  law.  Sevent}r-four  tracts 
of  woodland  have  been  registered  up  to  date,  aggregating  a  total  area 
of  about  125,000  acres;  more  than  120,000  acres  of  mis  total  are  found 
in  the  island  of  Luzon. 

In  February  last  the  nationalities  of  owners  of  68  woodland  tracts 
were  as  follows: 

Spanish , 7 

German 5 

English 1 

Filipino 55 


REPOKT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         51 

Aier  announcement  of  the  passage  of  what  was  known  as  the  Spooner 
ameilment,  quite  a  number  of  titles  were  presented  and  six  only  were 
foun-  eligible  for  registration. 

Upto  the  present  date  titles  to  woodlands  owned  by  religious  orders 
have  ot  been  presented  for  registration.  It  is  believed  that  the  aggre- 
gate <f  these  holdings  by  the  religious  orders  will  not  exceed  400,000 
acres.  It  is  believed  that  the  total  holdings  of  woodland  by  private 
partie  will  not  exceed  1,000,000  acres.  These  private  holders  have 
showra  disposition  to  retain  their  properties  and  utilize  them  for  their 
own  ue.  The  native  especially  shows  a  -disposition  to  cling  to  his 
land,  ad  is  averse  to  selling,  although  a  high  price  is  occasionally 
ofl'erecto  him. 

Froi  July  1,  1900,  to  April  30,  1901,  the  following  utilizations  of 
forest  roducts  on  private  woodland  have  been  noted: 

Timber cubic  feet. .  97,  808 

Firewoo „ cubic  meters. .  19, 034 

Charcoa do 4, 556 

Eacbshipment  of  forest  products  from  private  woodlands  must  be 
accoinjmied  by  a  certificate  of  the  president  of  the  nearest  town  that 
this  prduct  was  taken  from  such  a  party's  private  land.  The  regula- 
tions rferring  to  private  woodlands  are  as  follows: 

ART.  7,  Persons  owning  lands  containing  trees  suitable  for  lumber,  firewood,  or 
other  foist  products,  shall  immediately  present  certified  copies  of  their  title  deeds 
at  this  olce  for  registration. 

2.  For«t  products  taken  from  private  lands  whose  owners  have  not  complied  with 
these  reqirements  shall  be  considered  unlawfully  taken. 

ART.  7i  In  order  that  forestry  officials  may  exercise  an  intelligent  supervision 
over  the  tilization  of  forest  products,  all  said  products  of  lands  owned  by  towns  or 
by  privai  individuals,  and  which  leave  the  jurisdiction  where  said  lands  are  situated, 
shall  be  Accompanied  by  a  statement  signed  by  the  owner  or  administrator  of  the 
e-tate  art  by  the  president  or  alcalde  of  the  town,  in  which  statement  shall  be 
describetthe  number,  class,  and  amount  of  forest  product  and  the  place  where  cut  or 
gatheredand  shall  also  show  a  receipt  from  the  forestry  bureau  of  registration  of 
said  title  o  said  land. 

Failurtto  present  this  statement  will  render  the  owner  of  said  forest  product  liable 
to  the  pnalties  incurred  by  parties  fraudulently  taking  forest  products  from  the 
forests  othe  state. 

PRICES   OF   NATIVE    TIMBER. 

Morethan  90  per  cent  of  the  native  timber  is  used  for  construction 
purpose. 

The  pee  of  timber  in  the  log  at  the  end  of  the  first  haul  varies 
from  30to  70  cents  (Mexican)  per  cubic  foot.  Transportation  to  the 
Manila  narket  is  from  40  to  50  cents  (Mexican)  per  cubic  foot  where 
parties  o  not  use  their  own  boats.  The  prices  of  the  superior  or  first- 
group  w>ods  is  very  uncertain,  varying  from  $1.50  to  more  than  $2.50 
(Mexica)  per  cubic  foot.  When  special  sizes  in  the  higher  grade 
timbers  ire  required,  as  much  as  $5  and  $6  have  been  paid  per  cubic 
foot:  thi  for  timbers  to  be  used  in  house  construction. 

The  fhest  hard  woods  for  furniture  (narra,  tindalo,  acle,  camagon, 
lauan)  cs\  often  be  purchased  at  a  smaller  price  than  is  paid  for  a  few 
special  urieties  of  native  woods  that  are  of  particular  value  (molave, 
ipil.  yacd,  betis)  in  house  construction. 

Underthe  Spanish  administration  the  price  of  timber  at  the  end  of 
the  first  .aul  was  about  20  cents  (Mexican)  and  much  was  laid  down 
in  Manih  for  50  cents  (Mexican)  per  cubic  foot,  and  even  less. 

The  gcvermnent  price  on  its  timber,  as  per  forestry  regulations, 


52 


EEPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 


must  be  paid  before  the  timber  leaves  for  the  market.  This  mo£y  is 
paid  into  the  nearest  internal-revenue  office. 

The  government  valuation  of  its  timber  and  firewood  has  beenplose 
to  5  per  cent  of  the  current  market  price.  The  government  valntion 
of  other  forest  products  has  been  uniformly  10  per  cent  of  the  c^rent 
market  price. 

The  demand  for  timber  for  house  construction  is  strong  aw.  will 
continue  as  peace  is  restored  and  people  return  to  their  homean  the 
provinces  and  commence  rebuilding. 

The  China  market  for  Philippine  woods  is  very  good,  but  it  nil  be 
some  years  before  the  people  in  the  ports  of  the  Orient  will  be  Hlling 
to  pay  the  prices  current  in  the  market  in  Manila. 

The  demand  for  certain  of  our  fine  hard  woods  by  furnitre  and 
cabinet  makers  in  the  United  States  will  arise  as  soon  as  thesdwoods 
become  known.  We  have  a  number  of  varieties  of  fine  harJ  woods 
which  should  appeal  to  these  furniture  makers. 

In  the  course  of  a  year  or  two,  when  American  appliances  dd  skill 
are  at  work  in  the  forests,  we  should  be  able  to  place  cargoes  c  these 
varieties  on  board  ship  for  not  more  than  $1  (Mexican)  per  CUMC  foot. 
Transportation  to  the  United  States  costs  between  $',)  and  $p  gold 
per  1,000  B.  M.  Almost  any  lengths  can  be  obtained  and  dijmeters 
up  to  5  and  6  feet.  During  Spanish  times  the  large  trees  Wre  left 


untouched  owing  to  the  lack  of  facilities  for  handling  them 
sionally  a  tree  t>  or  7  feet  in  diameter  would  be  felled  and 


Occa- 
ne  slab 


taken  from  it,  from  which  to  make  a  table.     Many  of  these  fie  table 
tops  can  be  seen  throughout  the  islands,  some  of  them  moi 


than  7 

)ic  foot 

laid  down  at  tide  water  or  on  railroad.     There  are  four  sawmili  in  the 

namen 
ring  to 


feet  in  diameter. 

Ordinarily  the  native  loggers  are  paid  at  a  fixed  price  per  ci 


city  of  Manila  and  hundreds  of  carpenter  shops  where  the  C 
rip  out  boards  by  hand  and  make  a  fair  profit.     Parties  de 
purchase  a  few  hard- wood  boards  to  make  a  little  rough  furniire  will 
often  pay  from  25  to  50  cents  (Mexican)  per  running  foot  for  tie  same. 


CAN   THE   FORESTS   OF   THE    PHILIPPINES   BE   DEVASTATE] 

Not  if  a  proper  number  of  trained  officials  are  provided  ind  the 
present  forestry  regulations  are  enforced. 

The  following  safeguards  against  forest  devastation  in  thefPhilip- 
pines  are  worthy  of  consideration : 

First.  The  physical  obstacles. 

Second.  The  forest  regulations. 

Third.  Supervision  of  forestry  officials. 

Fourth.  Local  demand  for  but  few  of  the  many  hundr^l  native 
woods. 

The  physical  obstacles  will  not 
observation  on  the  ground.     The 


)reciated  without  a  fev 


real  difficulties  appeal 

the  work  in  the  field  has  commenced  and  apparently  all  con 
provided  for. 

To  begin  with,  there  are  no  roads  into  the  best  forest  t 


rivers  are  full  of  snags  and  impediments  to  their  use  as  driveways 
Road  construction  in  the  jungle  is  difficult,  expensive,  and  \ 


Many  of  the  most  valuable  woods  will  not  float,  thus  nee 


nonths' 
ly  after 
agencies 

cts;  the 


zardous. 
sitating 


REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.          53 

the  fce  of  bamboo  rafts,  or  placing  alternate  logs  of  light  specific 
gravty  between  heavy  ones. 

Oithe  logging  road  the  only  animal  available  for  transportation  in 
thesdslands  is  the  carabao,  an  animal  of  but  moderate  strength  who 
readiy  succumbs  to  overwork  or  disease.  A  plague  of  rinderpest  has 
carrid  off  thousands  of  these  animals  during  the  past  two  years,  leav- 
ing mny  communities  in  a  most  helpless  condition. 

Thre  are  no  appliances  in  the  island  suitable  for  handling  large  and 
heav}logs,  and  if  such  appliances  should  be  secured,  skilled  white 
labor  nust  be  employed  until  the  native  can  be  properly  trained  to 
their  se. 

May  of  the  natives  are  good  workmen,  quick  and  clever,  and  in 
time  ^ill  be  able  to  do  much  of  the  skilled  work  that  for  the  next  few 
years  nust  be  done  by  white  men.  The  great  mass  of  the  natives, 
especidly  those  living  near  large  forest  tracts,  seem  disinclined  to  con- 
stant rid  heavy  labor  and  can  not  be  depended  upon  to  remain  any 
lengthof  time  at  their  work.  Much  depends  on  the  kind  of  treatment 
receivd  from  the  employer;  the  wage  paid  does  not  seem  of  as  much 
imporance  to  the  natives  as  consideration  for  their  whims.  The  aver- 
age lalorer  while  in  the  woods  can  be  counted  on  to  cut  and  square 
from  ito  8  cubic  feet  a  day. 

It  wll  take  a  couple  of  years  to  make  even  a  few  good  roads  and 
improve  the  driveways,  install  appliances  for  handling  large  logs  and 
teach  tie  natives  how  to  use  them,  and  then  if  the  native  is  found  will- 
ing to  vork,  lumber  companies  might  be  able  to  get  out  what  they 
consider  a  paying  quantity  of  timber. 

Thei  when  they  are  ready 'to  extract  this  timber,  the  regulations 
throw  iround  them  many  restrictions  which  will  prevent  any  wholesale 
devastition. 

The  greatest  safeguard  is  found  in  that  article  of  the  regulations 
which  provides  that  the  felling  of  any  tree  species  of  the  superior  or 
first  g:oup  (35  leading  woods)  of  less  diameter  than  40  centimeters 
(15f  irches)  is  absolutely  prohibited.  Regulations  provide  that  the 
timberto  be  felled  be  first  selected;  provide  also  that  only  certain  of 
the  lov-grade  woods  can  be  cut  by  those  holding  gratuitous  licenses 
and  those  cutting  firewood  for  the  market. 

Regulations  prohibit  the  felling  of  the  gutta-percha,  rubber,  and 
other  ;rees  producing  valuable  gums.  They  also  provide  that  when 
the  tress  are  felled  and  piled  notice  must  be  sent  to  the  nearest  forestry 
official  which  official  shall  measure,  appraise,  and  see  that  the  govern- 
ment valuation  is  paid  on  this  timber  before  it  is  removed. 

Whei  this  timber  reaches  the  market  it  is  again  inspected  by  an 
official  who.  carefully  revises  the  classification  of  the  first  official,  meas- 
ures each  log  a  second  time,  and  sees  that  the  government  is  paid  its 
full  value  for  its  timber.  Each  log  receives  a  bureau  stamp  as  soon  as 
it  leaves  the  forest. 

The  forestry  official  is  strictly  charged  to  supervise  the  work  of  the 
logger  to  see  that  only  the  proper  trees  are  felled  and  that  the  timber 
is  so  hauled  through  the  forest  as  to  cause  the  least  damage  to  the 
3^ounger  growth.  He  reports  at  once  any  violation  of  the  forestry 
regalations. 

The  regulations  provide  the  forestry  officials  with  the  power  to  fine, 
and  to  stop  the  movement  of  forest  products  to  the  market,  if  any  of 
its  provisions  are  violated. 


54          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 
RECOMMENDATIONS. 

Two  great  obstacles  are  encountered  in  providing  for  a  forestry  erv- 
ice  of  these  islands,  namely,  a  lack  of  properly  trained  officials ftnd, 
second,  a  great  variety  of  unknown  tree  species. 

The  United  States  this  year  inaugurates  the  scientific  exploitatjm  of 
50,000,000  acres  of  public  forest  land.  The  few  foresters  now  ji  the 
States  will  be  offered  inducements  to  enter  that  service. 

Fifty  trained  foresters  would  find  ample  work  in  the  Philippirt  for- 
ests at  the  present  time,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  appeals  to  the  foestry 
service  in  Germany,  India,  and  Java  would  result  in  securing  alf  a 
dozen  men.  The  great  objection  offered  by  these  men,  as  I  have  tated 
before,  will  be  that  no  provision  is  made  for  retirement  for  disbility 
or  for  age.  Life  in  the  Tropics,  and  especially  in  a  tropical  foisst,  is 
not  without  considerable  danger,  and  a  foreigner  can  hardly  be  ex  ected 
to  leave  the  forestry  service  in  his  own  country  to  go  to  strang<  lands 
where  pernicious  malaria  or  dysentery  may  incapacitate  him  w:hin  a 
few  months  after  his  arrival. 

These  forests  can  be  properly  cared  for  as  soon  as  trained  fojesters 
are  provided. 

It  is  believed  that  a  personal  visit  to  Germany,  India,  and  Jva  by 
some  one  interested  in  this  service,  and  with  authority  to  employ Jwould 
result  in  securing  a  few  men. 


The  next  difficulty  will  be  found  in  finding  a  market  for  the 
hundred  varieties  of  native  woods  found  within  a  comparative! 


everal 
small 


area  in  almost  any  part  of  these  islands. 

The  first  step  "in  this  direction  is  now  being  made.  One  hundred 
varieties  of  native  woods  have  been  selected,  polished,  and  labelid,  and 
shipped  to  the  United  States,  where  they  are  to  be  placed  on  exhibition 
at  the  Pan-American  Exposition  at  Buffalo,  and  later  to  be  permaiently 
placed  in  the  Agricultural  Department  at  Washington.  The  exhibi- 
tion of  these  hard  woods  will  interest  our  furniture  makers,  aijd  may 
tend  to  divert  buyers  from  Central  and  South  America  to  the  Philip- 
pines. A  vast  amount  of  hard  wood  is  imported  into  the  UnitedStates 
each  year  at  a  high  price.  There  is  no  reason  why  many  of  the  Philip- 
pine varieties  of  fine  quality  should  not  find  a  ready  market  with  the 
furniture  makers. 

Many  fine  varieties  of  native  woods  are  not  popular  in  the  Philip- 
pines on  account  of  their  nonresistance  to  the  white  ant  and  climate, 
which  objections  would  not  be  met  with  in  the  United  States. 

The  regulations  provide  for  the  felling  of  all  trees  by  selection. 
Objections  will  be  made  by  the  lumbermen  that  there  is  no  marketfor  the 
400  or  500  varieties  of  tree  species  thus  selected.  The  duty  of  and  ing 
a  market  for  such  varieties  thus  devolves  upon  the  forestry  bureau. 
There  are  at  present  samples  of  more  than  450  varieties  of  natire  tree 
species  in  the  office  at  Manila.  Each  month  will  find  more  varieties 
added  to  this  number,  and  in  time,  after  investigation  of  the  qualitv  of 
these  woods  as  to  strength  and  durability,  more  varieties  will  become 
popular  in  the  market. 

The  forestry  school  should  be  inaugurated  as  soon  as  possible  at 
Manila  for  the  purpose  of  training  the  present  forestry  officials. 
Very  respectfully, 

GEORGE  P.  AHERN, 
Captain  Ninth  U.  S.  Infantry,  in  Charge  of  Bureau. 

The  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


REPOET    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,    PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 


55 


Statement  of  utilization  of  forest  products  from  public  lands,  Philippine  Islands,  from  July 
1,  1900,  to  April  30,  1901. 


Month  and  year. 

Timber. 

Firewood. 

Charcoal. 

Group  first.               Group  second. 

1900. 
July  
August  
September  
October  

Cubic  feet. 
90,793       57,808.18 
82,041         5.323.78 
103,  608         7,  693.  19 
186,  758       10,  658.  39 
180,341         9.970.99 
218,345       12,470.99 

Jf. 

176,500 
333,880 
277,940 
447,580 
297,600 
369,680 

Cu.  met. 
8176.50       1,914.00 
333.88       1,269.45 
277.94       3,175.15 
447.58       3,291.80 
297.60       3,720.40 
369.68       3,644.75 

8282.80 
253.89 
635.03 
658.36 
744.08 
728.95 

Cu.  met. 

186.00 
361.  75 
213.50 
95.25 

$74.40 
144.  70 
85.40 
38.10 

November  

Total  

1901. 
January  
February  
March    ' 

861,886       53.925.52 

1,903,180 

1,903.18     17,015.55 

3,403.11 

856.50 

342.60 

231,493       14,706.85 
218,100       12,268.20 
280,406       21.299.62 
283,520       26,753.05 

532,  430 
422,690 
586,000 
454,120 

532.43       2,432.35 
422.69       2,427.40 
586.00       3,501.60 
454.  12       3,  000.  60 

486.47 
485.48 
700.  32 
600.12 

74.25 
93.25 
143.75 
181.25 

29.70 
37.30 
57.50 
72.50 

April  

Total  

1,013,519       75,027.72 
1,875,405     128,953.24 

1,995,240 

1,995.24     11,361.95 

2,272.39 
5,675.50 

492.  50 
1,349.00 

197.00 
539.60 

Grand  total  . 

3,898,420 

3,898.42     28,377.50 

Month  and  year. 

Gum  mas- 
tic. 

Rubber. 

Vegetable 
oil. 

Bark. 

Dyewood. 

Fines. 

Total. 

1900. 
Julv 

824  60 

830  00 

188  422  08 

August  

8.10 

85.15 

80.50 

65.00 

5,990.30 

September  
October 

887.90 

19.16 
29  36 

10.90 
22  10 

20.80 
23.40 

92.57 
208  42 

8,911.89 
12  192.31 

November  

351.52 

35.24 

80.80 

46.20 

108.87 

113.  21 

11,753.91 

December  

810.80 

31.99 

18.00 

4.88 

214.77 

766.87 

15,455.03 

Total  

1,2.50.22 

148.  45 

18.80 

89.23 

368.34 

1,276.07 

62,  725.  52 

1901. 

1  60 

63  80 

1  06 

15  00 

482  74 

16  319  65 

February  
March  

April 

1,462.53 
215.04 
836  15 

280.95 
311.  73 
163  90 

23.72 

2.50 

45.65 
32.77 
72  05 

181.  12 
344.85 
384  41 

15,210.14 
23,547.83 
'>9  336  30 

Total  

2,  515.  32 

820.38 

23.72 

3.56 

165.47 

1,393.12 

84,413.92 

Grand  total.. 
May  

3,765.54 

968.83 

42.  52 

92.79 

533.81 

2,669.19 

147,139.44 
26,  799.  06 

25  434  61 





Total i : 


199,373.11 


Statistics  of  sums  collected  on  forest  products  from  public  lands,  Philippine  Islands,  July  to 
December,  1900. 


Province. 

Timber. 

Firewood. 

Charcoal. 

Rubber. 

Bark. 

81  56 

Albav 

8887  81 

Bataan  

1  009  58 

950  81 

764  73 

109  64 

810  00 

80.75 

3  439  67 

385  72 

Cagavan  

8,008  90 

20.30 

Camarines  North 

1  187  89 

50  70 

3  408  14 

7  47 

Capiz 

112  77 

Catanduanes  ... 

334  40 

Cavite 

35  18 

88  21 

.90 

Cebu 

40  83 

1  00 

215  35 

6  00 

Davao  .  .  . 

24.10 

Iloilo 

1  509  20 

301  07 

73  00 

1  078  93 

4  50 

Jolo  

19.32 

Laguna  .  . 

29  93 

4.72 

Levte 

407  21 

80  45 

Manila  ... 

169.38 

31.80 

56          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

Statistics  of  sums  collected  on  forest  products  from  public  lands,  etc. — Continued. 


Province. 

Timber. 

Firewood. 

Charcoal. 

Rubber. 

Bark. 

$41.30 

Masbate 

$3  162  58 

420.40 

$24.07 

Mindoro 

760  16 

62  00 

1  60 

$4  40 

254.45 

208.  70 

1  154.32 

158.49 

2  457  56 

63 

1  88 

7,  540.  09 

1,636.69 

$313.  10 

8.30 

1  113.88 

159.  10 

1  798  12 

5  50 

3  40 

Samar 

414.00 

1,  922.  62 

181.60 

128  47 

15  80 

Tarlac 

6,  779.  17 

73.60 

11.00 

1,900.99 

112.92 

85.28 

1  992  66 

70  88 

18  50 

1  96 



Total  

53,  925.  52 

5,306.29 

342.60 

148.  45 

89.23 

Province. 

Dyewood. 

Gum 

mastic. 

Vegetable 
oil. 

Fines. 

Total. 

$1  56 

Albay 

887.81 

Bataan 

$22  19 

1  982  58 

Batangas  

844.20 

12.90 

942.  22 

Bulacan 

44  43 

3  869  82 

160  32 

8  189  52 

Camarines  North  

3.03 

1,241.62 

Camarines  South 

$19.60 

3  435  21 

Capiz 

16  14 

128  91 

Catanduanes  

334.40 

Cavite 

3  92 

128  21 

Cebu 

18  75 

60  58 

Cotabato  

221.35 

Davao 

1  217  62 

1  241  72 

Iloilo 

304  39 

5  14 

2  192  80 

Isabela  de  Basilan  

1,083.43 

Jolo 

19  32 

Laguna  

1.18 

35.83 

Leyte... 

.50 

32.56 

520.72 

Manila 

129  11 

330  29 

Marinduque  



41.30 

Masbate  

24.34 

3  631.39 

Mindoro 

50 

1  07 

829  73 

Morong  



32.10 

495.  25 

Nueva  Ecija  

26  01 

1  338  82 

Negros 

$18  80 

14  82 

2  493  69 

Pampanga  

318.  58 

9,816.76 

Pangasinan  

70  34 

1  343  32 

13  00 

38  51 

1  858  53 

414  00 

Sorsogon  

105  83 

2  210  05 

5  69 

149  96 

Tarlac  

103.  72 

6,  967.  49 

Tayabas  • 

60  11 

2  159  30 

Zambales  

44.03 

2,  126.  07 

Zamboanga  

1.96 

Total 

368  34 

1  250  22 

18  80 

1  276  07 

6°  7''5  5'' 

Sum  paid  the  government  of  Negros  for 
timber  

976  42 

Total  (Mexican)  ... 

61,  749.  10 

Native  woods  brought  to  market  in  the  Philippine  Islands  from  July  1  to  December  31, 1900. 


Names  of  timber. 

Cubic 
feet. 

Names  of  timber. 

Cubic 
feet. 

Superior  group  

113  479 

Calantas  (28,457  cubic  feet). 
Camagon. 
Dungon. 
Ypil. 
Yacal. 
Molave  (28,709  cubic  feet). 
Narra  (28,149  cubic  feet). 

Teca. 
Tindalo. 
First  group  
Acle. 
Anubing. 
Bansalaguin. 
Baticuling  (5,624  cubic  feet). 

20,427 

REPOKT    OF   FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS.         57 
Native  u-oods  brought  to  market  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  etc. — Continued. 


Names  of  timber. 

Cubic 
feet. 

Names  of  timber. 

Cubic 
feet. 

First  group  —  Continued. 
Batitinan  (4,877  cubic  feet). 
Bavuco. 
Betis  (4,551  cubic  feet). 

Third  group—  Continued. 
Laco-laco. 
Lauan  (101,625  cubic  feet). 
Lumbang.       . 

Calauiansanav. 

Luyusin. 

Cubi. 

Magtalisay. 

Lanete  amuguis  (19,788  cubic  feet). 
Second  group  

148,142 

Malaanang. 
Malacbac. 

Aranga. 

Malac-malac. 

Banaba. 

Maladuron. 

Bancal. 

Malagao-gao. 

Banuyo. 

Malapalicpic-hito. 

Bildo. 

Malasapit. 

Dungonlate. 

Malasapsap. 

Guijo  (73,041  cubic  feet). 

Malatafang. 

Lanutan. 
Macaasin. 

Malatumbaga. 
Mambog. 

Malacadios. 

Manicnic. 

Malacatmon. 

Maobo. 

Malaruhat. 

Mavapis. 

Mangachapuy. 

Miao. 

Mangasinoro. 

Odling. 

Nato. 

Pagatpat. 

Pasac. 

Palacpalac. 

Sop*. 

Palosapis. 

Tangile. 
Tucan-calao. 

Palumbuyen. 
Pamantulin. 

Third  group  

Abilo. 

367,867 

Pamisalen. 
Panao  (30,174  cubic  feet). 

Aclengparang. 

Panalalian. 

Agiotin. 
Ajosajos. 
Alintatao. 

Paraya. 
Putian. 
Sacat  (28,333  cubic  feet). 

Almaciga. 
Almon. 

Salipapa. 
Sambulanan. 

Alupay. 

Tacaran. 

Amugan. 

Tagonton. 

Anagap. 

Tambabas. 

Anatan. 

Tamug. 

Anocep. 

Toog. 

Anubiong. 

Unip. 

Anubling. 

Fourth  group 

203,  921 

Aninapla. 

Anam. 

Anunang. 

Anilao. 

Antipolo. 
Apalang. 
Apitong  (59,333  cubic  feet), 

Bagosantol. 
Balacat  (36,180  cubic  feet). 
Balaybayan. 

Apupuyot. 

Balibago. 

Ata-ata. 

Balucot. 

Bagaluga. 

Baluan. 

Baguilumboy. 

Banalo. 

Balavon. 
Balete. 

Bilucao. 

Balinhasav. 

Binavuyo. 

Balobo. 

Bocboc. 

Banate. 

Bogo. 

Batete. 

Calumpang. 

Bayoc. 
Bavucan. 

Dapdap. 
Himbabao. 

Binaluan. 

Ligaa. 

Binuang. 

Malabago. 

Bitoc. 
Bitanhol. 

Malabulac  (20,574  cubic  feet). 
Malabunga. 

Bulao. 

Malapapaya. 

Bunglas. 

Malasamat. 

Malasantol  (64,694  cubic  feet). 

Cabaoy. 

Malatubig. 

Calumangog. 
Calungatmgan. 

Pingol. 
Putab. 

Calumpit. 

Salab. 

Cupang. 
Dalbing. 

Tanag. 
Uban. 

Dalinsi. 

Fifth  group                          -.     .......... 

8,050 

Dao. 

Bacao  (7,751  cubic  feet). 

Ditaa. 

Bacauan. 

Gatasan. 

Libato  puti. 

Guyoiig-guyong. 
Hatrad-had. 

Total 

861,886 

Hinlalaong. 

58          REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 

Xntire  u-oods  brought  to  imtrkd  In  the  Philippine  Islands,  etc.—  Continued. 


RECAPITULATION. 


Varieties. 

Cubic 
feet. 

Value. 

9 

113,479 

$15,  887.  06 

10 

20,427 

2,  042.  70 

20 

148,  142 

11  K51  36 

91 

367  867 

11  036  01 

30 

203,  921 

4,  078.  42 

3 

8,050 

80  50 

Total  .  .  . 

163 

861,886 

44,976.05 

Increased  charges,  result  of  second  inspection $8, 949. 47 

Amount  by  timber 53, 925. 5-j 

Firewood 5.30ti.2'.» 

Charcoal 342.60 

Rubber 148.45 

Bark 89.23 

Dyewood 368.34 

Gum  mastic 1, 250. 22 

Vegetable  oil 18.80 

Fines 1,276.07 


General  total 62,725.52 

Sum  refunded  the  government  of  Negros  for  timber 976. 42 


Total 61, 749. 10 


Statement  of  licenses  issued  from  July  1,  1900,  to  May  14,  1901. 


Station  of  for- 
estry official. 

Province. 

Timber. 

Fire- 
wood. 

Rubber. 

Dye- 
wood. 

Gratui- 
tous. 

Amount. 

Aparri 

36 

7 

3 

1 

47 

yan. 
Abra 

1 

1 

Isabela 

2 

2 

Laoag 

Ilocos,  North  
Ilocos,  South 

2 
1 

1 

3 
1 

4 

2 

6 

Bagnio  

Benguet  

6 

2 

3 

11 

6 

8 

1 

15 

Lubig 

Zambales 

26 

12 

2 

3 

43 

Neuva  Ecija  

15 
2 

1 

2 

18 
2 

Tarlac 

31 

1 

6 

44 

Angeles  
San  Fernando 

Ipampanga 

37 

li 

48 

Calumpit  

Bulacan  

17 

3 

20 

Orani 

Bataan 

29 

31 

60 

Malabon  

JManila 

g 

6 

1 

15 

Manila  

Morong 

12 

11 

23 

Laguna  <  .  .  . 

6 

4 

10 

Cavite  

1 

3 

4 

Batangas  .  .  . 

Batangas 

3 

2 

5 

24 

19 

10 

53 

Camarines  ,  North  . 

4 

1 

5 

Pasacao  

Camarines,  South 

5 

3 

1 

9 

Legaspi  

Albay  

5 

2 

1 

8 

Sorsogon  

4 

3 

7 

Lubany  and  Marinduque 

3 

3 

(islands). 
Romblon,    Sibuyan,    and 
Tablas  (islands). 
Burias  (islands)  

5 
1 

2 
1 

2 
1 

9 
3 

Ticas  (island)  
Masbate  (island) 

2 
13 

2 
7 

1 
3 

1 

6 
23 

Iloilo 

10 

6 

28 

maras. 
Capiz  Panay 

1 

1 

2 

Concepcion,  Panay,    and 

1 

1 

1 

3 

Pan  de  Alucan. 

REPORT    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 


59 


Statement  of  licenses  issued  front  July  1,  1900,  to  May  14,  1901— Continued. 


Station  of  for- 
estry official. 

Province. 

Timber. 

Fire- 
wood. 

Rubber. 

Dye- 

wood. 

Gratui- 
tous. 

Amount. 

Cebu 

Cebu    and    (islands)    Ca- 

1 

1 

motes. 
Levte,   Maripipi,  Caman- 

9 

1 

. 

10 

day,  and  Biliran. 

4 

1 

5 

Zamboanga,  Mindanao  
Surigao,  Mindanao,  Bucas, 

3 
1 

3 

3 

1 

10 
1 

and  Dinagat. 
Matti  Alindanao 

2 

2 

2 

2 

g 

Davao,  Mindanao  

2 

3 

5 

3 

3 

Total  amount. 

348 

169 

32 

10 

21 

580 

Statement  of  private  woodlands  registered  in  the  Philippine  Islands  as  per  article  75,  forestry 
regulations,  Manila,  Philippine  Islands,  May  14,  1901. 


Provinces. 

Number 
of  regu- 
lation. 

Hec- 
tareas. 

Areas. 

Centi. 

Rombloii  (Sibuyan.  150  haetareas  91  areas  50  centi;  Tablas, 

2 

649 

50 

Tarlac  

19 

14,248 

32 

45 

Pampanga  ..  . 

41 

1,908 

56 

97 

300 

Mindoro  

916 

98 

Isabela  de  Luzon  .             

13,150 

51 

23 

Bataan 

2 

79 

50 

Pangasinan  

6,104 

Nueva  Ecija-  

12,463 
195 

80 
71 

62 

M9,898 

65 

25 

1123, 475  acres. 

In  February  the  nationalities  of  owners  of  68  woodland  tracts  registered  were  as  follows:  Spanish,  7; 
German.  5;  English,  1;  Filipino,  55. 

After  announcement  of  passage  of  Spooner  amendment  quite  a  number  of  titles  were  presented 
and  6  were  found  eligible  for  registration. 

Land  of  religious  orders  not  yet  presented  for  registration. 

NOTES   ON   GEOGRAPHY   AND   POPULATION   IN   THE   PHILIPPINES. 

Philippine  Islands:  Magellan  landed  in  Cebu  1521;  Manila  occupied  1565  by  Sal- 
cedo.  Latitude,  4°  45'  north  to  21°  north;  longitude,  116°  east  to  127°  east.  Charts 
show  948  to  1,725  islands.  Areas  given  by  Philippine  Commission,  119,542  square 
miles. 

Acres. 

1874— Vidal— Area— Map— Coella 71, 989, 385 

Map,  Hydrographic  Office  '. 73,  345, 415 

Per  annual  statement 73, 009, 495 


GEOGRAPHIC  STATISTICS. 

Acres. 

1876— Area 69,  756,  245 

City  property 432, 625 

Cultivated  land 5, 632,  641 

Uncultivated  land 12, 153,  746 

Forest  land 51,  537,  243 

1890— Jordana,  area  approximated 69, 160,  000 

Area  cultivated  land 6, 175,  000 

1890— Fernando  Castro,  forest  area 48, 112, 920 

Land  occupied  by  Moros  and  independent  tribes 24,  700, 000 


60 


REPOET    OF    FORESTRY    BUREAU,   PHILIPPINE    ISLANDS. 


Geographic  statistics — Continued . 


• 

Square 
miles. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Popula- 
tion per 
square 
mile. 

Luzon 

47,238 
36,237 
Si  040 
4,854 
4,708 
3,972 
3,937 
2,713 
l|742 
1,439 
1,290 
680 

3,676,000 

78 

200,753 
391,777 
734,889 
1  172,  711 
250,000 
270,491 
504,000 
248,000 
319,517 
35,633 

40 
80 
156 

Mindoro                                                                            

15 
100 
290 
172 
14 
52 

Leyte                                                                     

Cebu 

Bohol 

Masbate                                                   

1  Includes  Marinduque,  Lubang,  and  Ilin. 
2  Not  including  north  Paragua. 

'Includes  Ticao,  940  square  mil 

Islands  between  100  and  4,500  square  miles 13 

Smaller  islands  mentioned 58 

Population  as  given  by  commission 8, 000, 000 

Population  per  square  mile 67 

State  of  Montana,  rich  in  agricultural,  mining,  and  timber  land,  shows  by  last  census 
population  of  1J  per  square  mile.  Philippine  Islands  have  a  population  per  square 
mile  forty-five  times  greater  than  that  of  Montana. 


o 


NO.   17.     PINUS  INSULARIS,  PROVINCE  OF  BENGUET. 
Tree  45  inches  in  diameter. 


NO.   18.     PINUS  INSULARIS,   PROVINCE  OF  BENGUET. 
Tree  45  inches  in  diameter.    Near  view  of  No.  17. 


M 

2    2 


NO.  25.     PROVINCE  OF  TARLAC,  LUZON. 


O»l  PABIB  RIV^R,  ABOX^  «1A*IILA. 


NO.  27.     VIEW  OF  PASIG  RIVER. 


NO.  29.  MANGO  TREE,  NEAR  MANILA. 


.    • 


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